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Climate change and civilizational collapse refers to a hypothetical risk that the negative impacts of climate change might reduce global socioeconomic complexity to the point that complex human civilization effectively ends around the world, with humanity reduced to a less developed state.
Historical climatology is the study of historical changes in climate and their effect on civilization from the emergence of homininis to the present day. It is concerned with the reconstruction of weather and climate and their effect on historical societies, including a culturally influenced history of science and perception. [ 1 ]
Urban centers of the Indus Valley Civilization were abandoned and replaced by disparate local cultures because of the same climate change that affected the neighbouring regions to the west. [62] As of 2016, many scholars believed that drought and a decline in trade with Egypt and Mesopotamia caused the collapse of the Indus civilization. [63]
The other theory points to a combination of factors, such as climate change, the drying up of the River Sarasvati, changes in monsoon patterns that they depended on for irrigation, and overpopulation.
A highly advanced culture blossomed about 5300 years ago in China’s Yangtze delta, which is considered to be one of the earliest proofs of monumental water culture.
From ancient times, people suspected that the climate of a region could change over the course of centuries. For example, Theophrastus, a pupil of Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle in the 4th century BC, told how the draining of marshes had made a particular locality more susceptible to freezing, and speculated that lands became warmer when the clearing of forests exposed them to sunlight.
Extreme rainfall in Dunhuang and Zhangye in China's Gansu province has put UNESCO-listed world heritage sites at risk, with cave monasteries dating back to the 4th century already damaged ...
End of the pre-Boreal period of European climate change. Pollen Zone IV Pre-boreal, associated with juniper, willow, birch pollen deposits. Neolithic era begins in Ancient Near East. Evidence of the earliest settlement in Jericho; In Antarctica, long-term melting of the Antarctic ice sheets is commencing.