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An Atlas of Russian History: Eleven Centuries of Changing Borders (2nd ed. 1967) Gilbert, Martin. Routledge Atlas of Russian History (4th ed. 2007) excerpt and text search; Henry, Laura A. Red to green: environmental activism in post-Soviet Russia (2010) Kaiser, Robert J. The Geography of Nationalism in Russia and the USSR (1994). Medvedev, Andrei.
Modern borders of Russia with the years that the corresponding portions of the border have continuously belonged to Russia since. Russia shares land borders with 14 countries owing to its large expanse, tied with China in being more than any other state in the world, but there are sea boundaries with two more countries.
The founding countries of Brazil, Russia, India, and China held the first leaders summit in Russia in 2009 under the name BRIC. Following a renaming of the organization, South Africa attended its first summit as a member in 2011 after joining the group in 2010 .
Like many other countries, Russia's economy suffered during the Great Recession. Following the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation, several countries (including most of NATO) imposed sanctions on Russia, hurting the Russian economy by cutting off access to capital. [280] [281] At the same time, the global price of oil declined. [282]
Russia's political system has been variously described as a kleptocracy, [347] an oligarchy, [348] and a plutocracy. [349] It was the lowest rated European country in Transparency International 's Corruption Perceptions Index for 2023, ranking 141st out of 180 countries. [ 350 ]
Six Western nations marked the 15th anniversary of Russia’s takeover of 20% of Georgia’s territory by demanding on Thursday that Moscow return the South Ossetia and Abkhazia regions. A joint ...
In international affairs, Putin had made increasingly critical public statements regarding the foreign policy of the United States and other Western countries. In February 2007, at the annual Munich Conference on Security Policy, he criticized what he called the United States' monopolistic dominance in global relations, and claimed that the United States displayed an "almost unconstrained ...
On 24 February 2022, Russia launched a large-scale invasion, prompting the imposition of substantial economic and political sanctions by the EU, the UK, the US, Canada, and other countries. The Russian government has a specified "Unfriendly Countries List" which