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2. Gold-filled jewelry - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold-filled_jewelry

   If the gold layer is 12 kt or higher, the minimum layer of karat gold in an item stamped gold-filled marks must equal at least 1 ⁄ 20th the total weight of the item. The most common stamps found on gold-filled jewelry are 1 ⁄ 20th 12kt GF and 1 ⁄ 20th 14kt GF. Also common is 1 ⁄ 10th 10kt. These standards are for modern gold-filled items.

3. Fineness - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fineness

   It is an extension of the older karat system of denoting the purity of gold by fractions of 24, such as "18 karat" for an alloy with 75% (18 parts per 24) pure gold by mass. The millesimal fineness is usually rounded to a three figure number, particularly where used as a hallmark , and the fineness may vary slightly from the traditional ...

4. Figaro chain - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Figaro_chain

   14 karat figaro chain. The figaro chain [1] is a jewellery chain design consisting of three or more small circular links followed by one elongated oval link. The most notable figaro chains are manufactured in Italy. [2] They are usually worn by men and are often adorned with pendants such as crosses and medallions. [3]

5. Gold plating - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_plating

   Gold plated - gold layer thickness greater than or equal to 0.5 micron; Heavy gold plated / Vermeil - gold layer thickness greater than or equal to 2.5 micron; Gold plated silver jewellery can still tarnish as the silver atoms diffuse into the gold layer, causing slow gradual fading of its color and eventually causing tarnishing of the surface ...

6. Jewellery - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewellery

   Some jewellery is plated to give it a shiny, reflective look or to achieve a desired colour. Sterling silver jewellery may be plated with a thin layer of 0.999 fine silver (a process known as flashing) or plated with rhodium or gold. Base metal costume jewellery may also be plated with silver, gold, or rhodium for a more attractive finish.

7. Soviet jewelry - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_jewelry

   Gold jewelry was the most popular jewelry in the USSR. It was produced in lesser numbers than silver jewelry, yet it was the most desired metal by the Soviet public. The overwhelming majority of soviet gold jewelry was of rose or red 14 karat gold (583 millesimal fineness ).

8. BIS hallmark - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BIS_hallmark

   The BIS system of hallmarking of gold jewellery began in April 2000. The standard specifications governing this system are IS 1417 (grades of gold and gold alloys, jewellery/artefacts), IS 1418 (assaying of gold in gold bullion, gold alloys and gold jewellery/artefacts), IS 2790 (guidelines for manufacture of 14, 18 and 22 carat gold alloys only ), IS 3095 (gold solders for use in manufacture ...

9. Karatmeter - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karatmeter

   Using this technique, the precise percentage or karat (of karat) in a solid piece of jewelry can be determined in 30 seconds. It also accurately (up to 10-12 microns) determines the element composition of all types of gold, white gold , platinum , silver , palladium , rhodium and related alloys .