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Merle Fainsod estimated that, in 1952, collective farm earnings were only one-fourth of the cash income from private plots on Soviet collective farms. [54] In many cases, the immediate effect of collectivization was the reduction of output and the cutting of the number of livestock in half.
Initially, a collective farm resembled an updated version of the traditional Russian obshchina "commune", the generic "farming association" (zemledel’cheskaya artel’), the Association for Joint Cultivation of Land (TOZ), and finally the kolkhoz.
These collective farms allowed for faster mechanization, and indeed, this period saw widespread use of farming machinery for the first time in many parts of the USSR, and a rapid recovery of agricultural outputs, which had been damaged by the Russian Civil War. Both grain production, and the number of farm animals rose above pre-civil war ...
Collective farming and communal farming are various types of "agricultural production in which multiple farmers run their holdings as a joint enterprise". [1] There are two broad types of communal farms: agricultural cooperatives , in which member-owners jointly engage in farming activities as a collective ; and state farms, which are owned and ...
OLENA ROSHCHINA - WEDNESDAY, 25 MAY 2022, 12:57 The Russian occupiers are not only stealing grain from Ukraine, but also planning to export 70% of the harvest from the occupied territories to ...
During 2004, peasant farms accounted for 14.4% of Russia's total grain production (up from 6.2% in 1997), 21.8% percent of sunflower seed (up from 10.8% five years earlier), and 10.1% of sugar beets (3.5% in 1997). Corporate farms produced the remainder of these crops, with hardly any contribution from the small household plots.
The Gigant was memorable for representing the shift from peasant-run farms to state-run farms (sovkhoz) and collective farms in Joseph Stalin's first five-year plan. The sovkhoz, built in a remote section of Russia, included a central village and 12 smaller settlements in which the workers and their families lived.
The authorities resolved that each brigade was to have a fixed plot in every field of the crop rotation.A Communist Party resolution of 4 February 1932 said the brigade's land should be fixed for the agricultural year, but some kolkhozes found that it helped forward planning to fix it for the whole period of the crop-rotation, and this practice was formally adopted in the kolkhoz Model Statute ...