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A table comparing four different scales for the hydrophobicity of an amino acid residue in a protein with the most hydrophobic amino acids on the top. A number of different hydrophobicity scales have been developed. [3] [1] [7] [8] [9] The Expasy Protscale website lists a total of 22 hydrophobicity scales. [10]
A mnemonic is a memory aid used to improve long-term memory and make the process of consolidation easier. Many chemistry aspects, rules, names of compounds, sequences of elements, their reactivity, etc., can be easily and efficiently memorized with the help of mnemonics. This article contains the list of certain mnemonics in chemistry.
For instance, if a stretch of about 20 amino acids shows positive for hydrophobicity, these amino acids may be part of alpha-helix spanning across a lipid bilayer, which is composed of hydrophobic fatty acids. On the converse, amino acids with high hydrophilicity indicate that these residues are in contact with solvent, or water, and that they ...
An example of an amino acid sequence plotted on a helical wheel. Aliphatic residues are shown as blue squares, polar or negatively charged residues as red diamonds, and positively charged residues as black octagons. A helical wheel is a type of plot or visual representation used to illustrate the properties of alpha helices in proteins.
L-Tyrosine or tyrosine (symbol Tyr or Y) [2] or 4-hydroxyphenylalanine is one of the 20 standard amino acids that are used by cells to synthesize proteins. It is a conditionally essential amino acid with a polar side group.
A transmembrane domain (TMD, TM domain) is a membrane-spanning protein domain.TMDs may consist of one or several alpha-helices or a transmembrane beta barrel.Because the interior of the lipid bilayer is hydrophobic, the amino acid residues in TMDs are often hydrophobic, although proteins such as membrane pumps and ion channels can contain polar residues.
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