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LDPE has SPI resin ID code 4 Schematic of LDPE branching structure. Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) is a thermoplastic made from the monomer ethylene.It was the first grade of polyethylene, produced in 1933 by John C. Swallow and M.W Perrin who were working for Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI) using a high pressure process via free radical polymerization. [1]
Parengyodontium album is a globally distributed fungal species known for breaking down plastics and items of historical importance. [1] [2] Earlier discoveries of the fungus were also found in historical places across the globe, like monuments and museums, being attracted to mainly the materials of stone and paint.
HDPE is known for its high strength-to-density ratio. [4] The density of HDPE ranges from 930 to 970 kg/m 3. [5] Although the density of HDPE is only marginally higher than that of low-density polyethylene, HDPE has little branching, giving it stronger intermolecular forces and tensile strength (38 MPa versus 21 MPa) than LDPE. [6]
As of 2017, over 100 million tonnes of polyethylene resins are being produced annually, accounting for 34% of the total plastics market. [8] [9] Many kinds of polyethylene are known, with most having the chemical formula (C 2 H 4) n. PE is usually a mixture of similar polymers of ethylene, with various values of n.
Demand for plastic resins in Europe during 2017 as a percentage of total plastic demand. [1] A comparison of standard plastics, engineering plastics, and high-performance plastics Commodity plastics or commodity polymers are plastics produced in high volumes for applications such as packaging, food containers, and household products, including ...
Basell completes start-up of the world's largest low-density polyethylene plant (LDPE) in Aubette, France, with a single line capacity of 320,000 tons per year. 2002 Lyondell increases interest in Equistar to 70.5 percent with acquisition of Occidental's share.
A variety of plastic objects conserved in a museum (Finland) Conservation and restoration of objects made from plastics is work dedicated to the conservation of objects of historical and personal value made from plastics. When applied to cultural heritage, this activity is generally undertaken by a conservator-restorer.
For example, the medical community in 1958 was eager to use Marlex 50 crystalline polyethylene which softens at 260 °F (127 °C). Objects made of Marlex could be sterilized in high-temperature autoclaves without affecting their form. [1] Marlex was used by Wham-O for their Hula Hoops in the 1950s, which helped create a market for this form of ...