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The Riemann zeta function ζ(z) plotted with domain coloring. [1] The pole at = and two zeros on the critical line.. The Riemann zeta function or Euler–Riemann zeta function, denoted by the Greek letter ζ (), is a mathematical function of a complex variable defined as () = = = + + + for >, and its analytic continuation elsewhere.
The zeta function values listed below include function values at the negative even numbers (s = −2, −4, etc.), for which ζ(s) = 0 and which make up the so-called trivial zeros. The Riemann zeta function article includes a colour plot illustrating how the function varies over a continuous rectangular region of the complex plane.
Riemann zeta function ζ(s) in the complex plane. The color of a point s encodes the value of ζ ( s ): colors close to black denote values close to zero, while hue encodes the value's argument . In mathematics , analytic number theory is a branch of number theory that uses methods from mathematical analysis to solve problems about the integers ...
The method of Eratosthenes used to sieve out prime numbers is employed in this proof.. This sketch of a proof makes use of simple algebra only. This was the method by which Euler originally discovered the formula.
The functional equation in question for the Riemann zeta function takes the simple form = where Z(s) is ζ(s) multiplied by a gamma-factor, involving the gamma function. This is now read as an 'extra' factor in the Euler product for the zeta-function, corresponding to the infinite prime.
where ζ(s) is the Riemann zeta function (which is undefined for s = 1). The multiplicities of distinct prime factors of X are independent random variables. The Riemann zeta function being the sum of all terms for positive integer k, it appears thus as the normalization of the Zipf distribution. The terms "Zipf distribution" and the "zeta ...
Similarly Selberg zeta functions satisfy the analogue of the Riemann hypothesis, and are in some ways similar to the Riemann zeta function, having a functional equation and an infinite product expansion analogous to the Euler product expansion. But there are also some major differences; for example, they are not given by Dirichlet series.
In mathematics, the Riemann–von Mangoldt formula, named for Bernhard Riemann and Hans Carl Friedrich von Mangoldt, describes the distribution of the zeros of the Riemann zeta function. The formula states that the number N(T) of zeros of the zeta function with imaginary part greater than 0 and less than or equal to T satisfies