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Laser engraving metal plates are manufactured with a finely polished metal, coated with an enamel paint made to be "burned off". At levels of 10 to 30 watts, excellent engravings are made as the enamel is removed quite cleanly. Much laser engraving is sold as exposed brass or silver-coated steel lettering on a black or dark-enamelled background.
Laser types with distinct laser lines are shown above the wavelength bar, while below are shown lasers that can emit in a wavelength range. The height of the lines and bars gives an indication of the maximal power/pulse energy commercially available, while the color codifies the type of laser material (see the figure description for details).
A laser designator is a laser light source which is used to designate a target. Laser designators provide targeting for laser-guided bombs , missiles , or precision artillery munitions, such as the Paveway series of bombs, AGM-114 Hellfire , or the M712 Copperhead round, respectively.
The weapon guides on reflected laser energy: the seeker detects the reflected light ("sparkle") of the designating laser, and actuates the canards to guide the bomb toward the designated point. The original Paveway series, retroactively named Paveway I , gave way in the early 1970s to the improved Paveway II , which had a simplified, more ...
The principle of laser enhanced welding is based on the interaction between the electrical arc and laser radiation. Due to the optogalvanic effect (OGE) a channel of higher conductivity in the plasma is established along the path of the laser. [1] Therefore, a movement of the laser beam results in a movement of the electrical arc.
This improves the overlap between the focused laser beam and the photorefractive material, thus reducing power needed from the laser. [11] When transparent material is exposed to an unfocused laser beam of sufficient brightness to initiate photorefractive effect, the waveguides may start forming on their own as a result of an accumulated self ...
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The scale numbers range from LB1 to LB10, where the number is a lower limit for the optical density, i.e. LBn means that OD > n, or <, where T is the transmittance. The minimum scale number for a given laser with a beam diameter of 1 mm depends on the working mode and the wavelength as follows (EN 207:2017):