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The erector spinae (/ ɪ ˈ r ɛ k t ər ˈ s p aɪ n i / irr-EK-tər SPY-nee) [1] or spinal erectors is a set of muscles that straighten and rotate the back.The spinal erectors work together with the glutes (gluteus maximus, gluteus medius and gluteus minimus) to maintain stable posture standing or sitting.
The multifidus (multifidus spinae; pl.: multifidi) muscle consists of a number of fleshy and tendinous fasciculi, which fill up the groove on either side of the spinous processes of the vertebrae, from the sacrum to the axis. While very thin, the multifidus muscle plays an important role in stabilizing the joints within the spine.
The anterior scalene muscle (Latin: scalenus anterior), lies deeply at the side of the neck, behind the sternocleidomastoid muscle.It arises from the anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth cervical vertebrae, and descending, almost vertically, is inserted by a narrow, flat tendon into the scalene tubercle on the inner border of the first rib, and ...
The splenius capitis (/ ˈ s p l iː n i ə s ˈ k æ p ɪ t ɪ s /) (from Greek splēníon ' bandage ' and Latin caput ' head ' [1] [2]) is a broad, straplike muscle in the back of the neck. It pulls on the base of the skull from the vertebrae in the neck and upper thorax. It is involved in movements such as shaking the head.
The prevertebral muscles are the muscles located between the prevertebral fascia (older definition) and the vertebral column, i.e., the longus capitis, [1] longus colli, [1] rectus capitis anterior, and rectus capitis lateralis [2] muscles.
It includes the prevertebral muscles (longus colli and longus capitis), vertebral artery, vertebral vein, scalene muscles, phrenic nerve and part of the brachial plexus. [ 3 ] In trauma, an increased thickness of the prevertebral space is a sign of injury, and can be measured with medical imaging .
It envelopes the strap muscles (sternohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid, and omohyoid muscles). It also surrounds the pharynx, larynx, trachea, esophagus, thyroid, parathyroids, buccinators, and constrictor muscles of the pharynx. The deep layer is also known as the prevertebral fascia. It surrounds the paraspinous muscles and cervical vertebrae ...
In the cervical region they are best developed, consisting of rounded muscular and tendinous fasciculi, and are placed in pairs, passing between the anterior and the posterior tubercles respectively of the transverse processes of two contiguous vertebrae, and separated from one another by an anterior primary division of the cervical nerve, which lies in the groove between them.