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For function that manipulate strings, modern object-oriented languages, like C# and Java have immutable strings and return a copy (in newly allocated dynamic memory), while others, like C manipulate the original string unless the programmer copies data to a new string. See for example Concatenation below. The most basic example of a string ...
Like in C and C++ there are functions that group reusable code. The main difference is that functions, just like in Java, have to reside inside of a class. A function is therefore called a method. A method has a return value, a name and usually some parameters initialized when it is called with some arguments.
Even when function arguments are passed using "call by value" semantics (which is always the case in Java, and is the case by default in C#), a value of a reference type is intrinsically a reference; so if a parameter belongs to a reference type, the resulting behavior bears some resemblance to "call by reference" semantics.
Perhaps the most well-known is Hungarian notation, which encodes either the purpose ("Apps Hungarian") or the type ("Systems Hungarian") of a variable in its name. [17] For example, the prefix "sz" for the variable szName indicates that the variable is a null-terminated string.
In the Java virtual machine, internal type signatures are used to identify methods and classes at the level of the virtual machine code. Example: The method String String. substring (int, int) is represented in bytecode as Ljava / lang / String. substring (II) Ljava / lang / String;. The signature of the main method looks like this: [2]
Though primarily an imperative language, C# always adds functional features over time, [100] [101] for example: Functions as first-class citizen – C# 1.0 delegates [102] Higher-order functions – C# 1.0 together with delegates; Anonymous functions – C# 2 anonymous delegates and C# 3 lambdas expressions [103]
The C# type names are also merely aliases for Common Language Runtime (CLR) types. The C# System.Int64 type is exactly the same type as the long type; the only difference is that the former is the canonical .NET name, while the latter is a C# alias for it. Java does not offer methods directly on primitive types.
Assign an identifier, name, to a function; Define formal parameters with a name and data type for each; Assign a data type to the return value, if any; Specify a return value in the function body; Call a function; Provide actual parameters that correspond to a called function's formal parameters; Return control to the caller at the point of call