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3-Nitropropionic acid (3-NPA) is a mycotoxin, a potent mitochondrial inhibitor, [1] which is toxic to humans. It is produced by a number of fungi, and may be found widely in food such as in sugar cane as well as Japanese fungally fermented staples, including miso, soy sauce, katsuobushi, [2] coconuts [3] and some traditional Chinese medicines.
Temperature, water activity and pH, strongly influence mycotoxin biosynthesis by increasing the level of transcription within the fungal spore. It has also been found that low levels of fungicides can boost mycotoxin synthesis. [39] [40] Certain mycotoxins can be harmful or lethal to humans and animals when exposure is high enough. [41] [42]
However, one must take note that scientific risk assessment is commonly influenced by culture and politics, which, in turn, will affect trade regulations of mycotoxins. [57] Food-based mycotoxins were studied extensively worldwide throughout the 20th century.
In nuclear ethics and deterrence theory, no first use (NFU) refers to a type of pledge or policy wherein a nuclear power formally refrains from the use of nuclear weapons or other weapons of mass destruction (WMD) in warfare, except for as a second strike in retaliation to an attack by an enemy power using WMD.
A corrections officer at an Ohio prison was killed Christmas day when an inmate attacked him, authorities said Wednesday. The assault occurred Wednesday morning at the Ross Correctional ...
An airline safety study published in August and co-authored by Arnold Barnett, a professor of statistics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, found that between 2018 and 2022, the ...
A simple element of risk quantification is often introduced in the form of a risk matrix, as in preliminary hazard analysis (PreHA). The selection of the methodology to be used depends on a number of factors, including the complexity of the process, the length of time a process has been in operation and if a PHA has been conducted on the ...
Larry Mullen Jr. is opening up about a recent diagnosis. The drummer for U2, 63, revealed in an interview with Times Radio that he's been diagnosed with dyscalculia, which makes it challenging for ...