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There are ambiguities in the definition of green chemistry and how it is understood among broader science, policy, and business communities. Even within chemistry, researchers have used the term "green chemistry" to describe a range of work independently of the framework put forward by Anastas and Warner (i.e., the 12 principles). [13]
Green chemistry metrics describe aspects of a chemical process relating to the principles of green chemistry.The metrics serve to quantify the efficiency or environmental performance of chemical processes, and allow changes in performance to be measured.
On May 19, 2003, Paul Anastas along with his future wife, Julie Zimmerman created the 12 Principles of Green Engineering. This expanded upon the 12 Principles of Green Chemistry to not only include the guidelines for what an environmentally conscious chemical should be in theory, but also what steps should be followed to create an environmentally conscious alternative to the chemical.
Atom economy is an important concept of green chemistry philosophy, [2] [3] [4] and one of the most widely used metrics for measuring the "greenness" of a process or synthesis. Good atom economy means most of the atoms of the reactants are incorporated in the desired products and only small amounts of unwanted byproducts are formed, reducing ...
The principle has historically been promoted by environmental groups. This concept is becoming increasingly mainstream, being a key concept in green chemistry and a central element of EU REACH regulation. [2] Critics of the principle claim it is very difficult to implement in reality, especially in terms of legislation.
Green chemistry is the design of chemical products and processes that reduce or eliminate the use and generation of hazardous substances. [1] Green chemistry is based upon twelve principles, identified in “Green Chemistry: Theory and Practice” and adopted by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). [2]
Green solvents are environmentally friendly chemical solvents that are used as a part of green chemistry. They came to prominence in 2015, when the UN defined a new sustainability -focused development plan based on 17 sustainable development goals, recognizing the need for green chemistry and green solvents for a more sustainable future. [ 1 ]
It uses existing principles of green chemistry and green engineering [3] to make nanomaterials and nano-products without toxic ingredients, at low temperatures using less energy and renewable inputs wherever possible, and using lifecycle thinking in all design and engineering stages.