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The placenta (pl.: placentas or placentae) is a temporary embryonic and later fetal organ that begins developing from the blastocyst shortly after implantation.It plays critical roles in facilitating nutrient, gas and waste exchange between the physically separate maternal and fetal circulations, and is an important endocrine organ, producing hormones that regulate both maternal and fetal ...
Anatomy scan image of a human placenta and umbilical cord (colour Doppler rendering) showing central placement of the cord in the placenta and three vessels in the cord, which is the normal physiology. A standard anatomy scan typically includes: [4] Fetal number, including number of amnionic sacs and chorionic sacs for multiple gestations
The bleeding may be due to placental abruption, uterine rupture, placenta accrete, undiagnosed placenta previa, or vasa previa. [3] Cesarean section is indicated. Post-partum hemorrhage is defined by the loss of at least 1,000 mL of blood accompanied with symptoms of hypovolemia within 24 hours after delivery.
The form of the human placenta is generally classified as a discoid placenta. Within this, the cotyledons are the approximately 15-25 separations of the decidua basalis of the placenta, separated by placental septa. [3] Each cotyledon consists of a main stem of a chorionic villus as well as its branches and sub-branches. [3]
The part of the ovary where the funiculus attaches is referred to as the placenta. In botany, the term placentation most commonly refers to the arrangement of ovules inside an ovary. Placentation types include: Basal: The placenta is found in mono to multi carpellary, syncarpous ovary. Usually a single ovule is attached at the base (bottom).
The placenta later develops to nourish the embryo, which grows through embryonic and fetal development until childbirth. During this process, the uterus grows to accommodate the growing fetus. [23] When normal labor begins, the uterus forcefully contracts as the cervix dilates, which results in delivery of the infant. [23]
Histopathology of placenta with increased syncytial knotting of chorionic villi, with two knots pointed out. The following characteristics of placentas have been said to be associated with placental insufficiency, however all of them occur in normal healthy placentas and full term healthy births, so none of them can be used to accurately diagnose placental insufficiency: [citation needed]
A previous normal second trimester routine screening at 21 weeks of gestation did not identify any structural abnormalities within the placenta, decreased fetal size, or abnormally-appearing umbilical cord insertion. The patient also did not have any episodes of vaginal bleeding during the current pregnancy. [3]