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If the sphere is isometrically embedded in Euclidean space, the sphere's intersection with a plane is a circle, which can be interpreted extrinsically to the sphere as a Euclidean circle: a locus of points in the plane at a constant Euclidean distance (the extrinsic radius) from a point in the plane (the extrinsic center). A great circle lies ...
Geodesics on the sphere are great circles, circles whose center coincides with the center of the sphere. Any two distinct points on a sphere that are not antipodal (diametrically opposite) both lie on a unique great circle, which the points separate into two arcs; the length of the shorter arc is the great-circle distance between the points.
If the radius of the sphere is denoted by r and the height of the cap by h, the volume of the spherical sector is =.. This may also be written as = (), where φ is half the cone angle, i.e., φ is the angle between the rim of the cap and the direction to the middle of the cap as seen from the sphere center.
For example, assuming the Earth is a sphere of radius 6371 km, the surface area of the arctic (north of the Arctic Circle, at latitude 66.56° as of August 2016 [7]) is 2π ⋅ 6371 2 | sin 90° − sin 66.56° | = 21.04 million km 2 (8.12 million sq mi), or 0.5 ⋅ | sin 90° − sin 66.56° | = 4.125% of the total surface area of the Earth.
The hydraulic diameter is the equivalent circular configuration with the same circumference as the wetted perimeter. The area of a circle of radius R is . Given the area of a non-circular object A, one can calculate its area-equivalent radius by setting = or, alternatively:
The area of a triangle is proportional to the excess of its angle sum over 180°. Two triangles with the same angle sum are equal in area. There is an upper bound for the area of triangles. The composition (product) of two reflections-across-a-great-circle may be considered as a rotation about either of the points of intersection of their axes.
SMU edged out Alabama for the final at-large spot in the College Football Playoff — meaning just three SEC teams (No. 2 Georgia, No. 5 Texas and No. 9 Tennessee) are in the 12-team field.
A spherical segment Pair of parallel planes intersecting a sphere forming a spherical segment (i.e., a spherical frustum) Terminology for spherical segments.. In geometry, a spherical segment is the solid defined by cutting a sphere or a ball with a pair of parallel planes.