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Congenital amputation is birth without a limb or limbs, or without a part of a limb or limbs.. It is known to be caused by blood clots forming in the fetus while in utero (vascular insult) and from amniotic band syndrome: fibrous bands of the amnion that constrict fetal limbs to such an extent that they fail to form or actually fall off due to missing blood supply.
Fibular hemimelia or longitudinal fibular deficiency is "the congenital absence of the fibula and it is the most common congenital absence of long bone of the extremities." [1] [2] It is the shortening of the fibula at birth, or the complete lack thereof. Fibular hemimelia often causes severe knee instability due to deficiencies of the ligaments.
Depending on the severity of the deformities, the treatment may include the amputation of the foot or part of the leg, lengthening of the femur, extension prosthesis, or custom shoe lifts. Amputation usually requires the use of prosthesis. Another alternative is a rotationplasty procedure, also known as Van Ness surgery. In this situation the ...
Inheritance of abnormal genes, e.g. polydactyly, ectrodactyly or brachydactyly, symptoms of deformed limbs then often occur in combination with other symptoms ; external causes during pregnancy (thus not inherited), e.g. via amniotic band syndrome; teratogenic drugs (e.g. thalidomide, which causes phocomelia) or environmental chemicals
Congenital limb deformities are congenital musculoskeletal disorders which primarily affect the upper and lower limbs. An example is polydactyly , where a foot or hand has more than 5 digits. Clubfoot , one of the most common congenital deformities of the lower limbs, occurs approximately 1 in 1000 births.
A less common major amputation is the Van Nes rotation, or rotationplasty, i.e. the turning around and reattachment of the foot to allow the ankle joint to take over the function of the knee. Types of amputations include: An above-knee amputation partial foot amputation amputation of the lower limb distal to the ankle joint ankle disarticulation
A knee dislocation is an injury in which there is disruption of the knee joint between the tibia and the femur. [3] [4] Symptoms include pain and instability of the knee. [2] Complications may include injury to an artery, most commonly the popliteal artery behind the knee, or compartment syndrome. [3] [4] [7]
An amputation between the knee and ankle joints transecting the tibia, or shinbone, is referred to as a transtibial amputation. In this situation, the patient may retain volitional control over the knee joint. The cause of amputation may dictate the length of the residual limb and the corresponding level of control of the prosthesis.