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Fusarium ear blight (FEB) (also called Fusarium head blight, FHB, or scab), is a fungal disease of cereals, including wheat, barley, oats, rye and triticale. [1] FEB is caused by a range of Fusarium fungi, which infects the heads of the crop, reducing grain yield.
Loose smut of barley is caused by Ustilago nuda. [2] It is a disease that can destroy a large proportion of a barley crop. Loose smut replaces grain heads with smut, or masses of spores which infect the open flowers of healthy plants and grow into the seed, without showing any symptoms.
Black head molds = sooty molds Alternaria spp. Cladosporium spp. Epicoccum spp. Sporobolomyces spp. Stemphylium spp. and other genera; Black point = kernel smudge
A common scenario is exposure to moldy grain, hay or woodchips, with farmers and pig workers the most common occupations affected. Those who work with grain, poultry and mushrooms also frequently report symptoms. [1] Wheat harvested has dust blown in the air. Pulmonary reactions occur due to the exposure to grain dust.
When the grain is milled the smut balls emit a fishy odor that lowers the quality of the flour. TCK smut exists in the western and northwestern United States, but is not considered a major problem. The disease took on policy significance because China applied a zero tolerance on the presence of TCK spores, resulting in a ban from 1974 to 1999 ...
Karnal bunt (also known as partial bunt) is a fungal disease of wheat, durum wheat, and triticale.The smut fungus Tilletia indica, a basidiomycete, invades the kernels and obtains nutrients from the endosperm, leaving behind waste products with a disagreeable odor that makes bunted kernels too unpalatable for use in flour or pasta.
Corn smut is a plant disease caused by the pathogenic fungus Mycosarcoma maydis, synonym Ustilago maydis.One of several cereal crop pathogens called smut, the fungus forms galls on all above-ground parts of corn species such as maize and teosinte.
In feedlot cattle, a diet containing a high proportion of cereal grain can lead to primary ruminal tympany. [5] The main signs of bloat in cattle are distension of the left side of the abdomen, dyspnea (difficulty breathing) and severe distress. If gas continues to accumulate, the right side of the abdomen may also become distended, with death ...