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Proctocolectomy is the surgical removal of the entire colon and rectum from the human body, leaving the patients small intestine disconnected from their anus. [1] It is a major surgery that is performed by colorectal surgeons, however some portions of the surgery, specifically the colectomy (removal of the colon) may be performed by general surgeons. [2]
[1] [11] If the rectum is also removed, it is a total proctocolectomy. Sir William Arbuthnot-Lane was one of the early proponents of the usefulness of total colectomies and was considered a pioneer of colon surgery for routinely performing this procedure. However, his overuse of the procedure called the wisdom of the surgery into question.
Surgical resection of tumors for staging and for curative purposes requires removal of local blood vessel and lymph nodes. Standard lymph node resection includes three consecutive levels of lymph nodes and is known as a D3 lymphadenectomy. [10] In addition to surgery adjuvant chemotherapy may be used to decrease risk of recurrence.
A proctosigmoidectomy, Hartmann's operation or Hartmann's procedure is the surgical resection of the rectosigmoid colon with closure of the anorectal stump and formation of an end colostomy. It was used to treat colon cancer or inflammation (proctosigmoiditis, proctitis, diverticulitis, volvulus, etc.).
It is important to understand that pouch surgery does not cure a patient of ulcerative colitis, removal of the diseased mucosal layer in the colon and rectum cures the disease in the colon and rectum only, if the entire colon and full rectum are removed. For example, if a rectal remnant remains, UC disease can be retained in the small remnant.
In such a case, the ileostomy may be temporary, as the common surgical procedure for colorectal cancer is to reconnect the remaining sections of colon or rectum following removal of the tumor provided that enough of the rectum remains intact to preserve internal/external anal sphincter function.
Surgery could be required to remedy or treat certain problems or diseases that affect the digestive tract. There are many different types of digestive system operations, some of the more popular ones being: 1. Appendectomy: The surgical removal of the appendix, typically as a result of acute appendicitis, an appendix inflammation. 2.
A pull-through procedure is the definitive operation for Hirschsprung disease, involving the removal of the abnormal segment of bowel that has no nerves, pulling through the normal bowel and connecting it to the anus. Several types of pull-through procedures exist including the Soave, Swenson and Duhamel.