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A brachial plexus injury (BPI), also known as brachial plexus lesion, is an injury to the brachial plexus, the network of nerves that conducts signals from the spinal cord to the shoulder, arm and hand. These nerves originate in the fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth cervical (C5–C8), and first thoracic (T1) spinal nerves, and innervate the ...
Nerve injury classification assists in prognosis and determination of treatment strategy for nerve injuries. Classification was described by Seddon in 1943 and by Sunderland in 1951. [ 1 ] In the lowest degree of nerve injury the nerve remains intact, but signaling ability is damaged, termed neurapraxia .
Erb's palsy is a paralysis of the arm caused by injury to the upper group of the arm's main nerves, specifically the severing of the upper trunk C5–C6 nerves. These form part of the brachial plexus, comprising the ventral rami of spinal nerves C5–C8 and thoracic nerve T1.
The brachial plexus is a network of nerves (nerve plexus) formed by the anterior rami of the lower four cervical nerves and first thoracic nerve (C5, C6, C7, C8, and T1).This plexus extends from the spinal cord, through the cervicoaxillary canal in the neck, over the first rib, and into the armpit, it supplies afferent and efferent nerve fibers to the chest, shoulder, arm, forearm, and hand.
Management of brachial or lumbosacral plexopathy depends on the underlying cause. No matter the cause of plexopathy, physical therapy and/or occupational therapy may promote recovery of strength and improve limb function. In the case of a mass lesion causing compression of the brachial or lumbosacral plexus, surgical decompression may be warranted.
Thoracic outlet syndrome; The right brachial plexus, viewed from in front.: Specialty: Vascular surgery, thoracic surgery: Symptoms: Pain, weakness, loss of muscle at the base of the thumb, swelling, paleness, bluish coloration [1] [2]
Crutch paralysis is a form of paralysis which can occur when either the radial nerve or part of the brachial plexus, containing various nerves that innervate sense and motor function to the arm and hand, is under constant pressure, such as by the use of a crutch. [1] This can lead to paralysis of the muscles innervated by the compressed nerve. [2]
Injury to Erb's point is commonly sustained at birth or from a fall onto the shoulder.The nerve roots normally involved are C5 and partly C6. Symptoms include paralysis of the biceps, brachialis, and coracobrachialis (through the musculocutaneous nerve); the brachioradialis (through the radial nerve); and the deltoid (through the axillary nerve).