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Aplastic anemia is a condition where bone marrow does not produce sufficient new cells to replenish blood cells. [27] Autoimmune hemolytic anemia: D59.0-D59.1: Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is a type of hemolytic anemia where the body's immune system attacks its own red blood cells (RBCs), leading to their destruction .
Anemia or anaemia (British English) is a blood disorder in which the blood has a reduced ability to carry oxygen.This can be due to a lower than normal number of red blood cells, a reduction in the amount of hemoglobin available for oxygen transport, or abnormalities in hemoglobin that impair its function.
Treatment depends on the type and cause of the hemolytic anemia. [2] Symptoms of hemolytic anemia are similar to other forms of anemia (fatigue and shortness of breath), but in addition, the breakdown of red cells leads to jaundice and increases the risk of particular long-term complications, such as gallstones [4] and pulmonary hypertension. [5]
Hemoglobin variants can be discovered through examination, routine laboratory testing, or evaluation of patients with severe anemia. [3] In some countries, all newborns are tested for hemoglobinopathies, thalassemias, and HbS. Isoelectric focusing or high-performance liquid chromatography are used to identify structural abnormalities in hemoglobin.
However, Iron deficiency anemia is the most common nutritional disorder. [7] Signs of anemia include cyanosis, jaundice, and easy bruising. [7] In addition, anemic patients may experience difficulties with memory and concentration, fatigue, lightheadedness, sensitivity to temperature, low energy levels, shortness of breath, and pale skin.
Therefore, most transfusion-dependent thalassemia patients can be diagnosed within the first few years of life, which severe anemia, differed growth, jaundice and hepatosplenomegaly can be observed. Parameters for confirmation includes baseline hemoglobin level <7g/dL, enlargement of liver and spleen (>5 cm) and height in the first 10th percentile.
First-line treatment for aplastic anemia consists of immunosuppressive drugs—typically either anti-lymphocyte globulin or anti-thymocyte globulin—combined with corticosteroids, chemotherapy, and ciclosporin. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is also used, especially for patients under 30 years of age with a related, matched marrow donor.
A 2013 study of over 400,000 people admitted to US hospitals found that 74% developed anemia at some point during their hospital stay. [5] Iatrogenic anemia is of particular concern in intensive care medicine, [6]: 629 because people who are critically ill require frequent blood tests and have a higher risk of developing anemia due to lower hemoglobin levels and impaired production of red ...
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