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A sample of seawater from most locations with a chlorinity of 19.37 ppt will have a Knudsen salinity of 35.00 ppt, a PSS-78 practical salinity of about 35.0, and a TEOS-10 absolute salinity of about 35.2 g/kg. The electrical conductivity of this water at a temperature of 15 °C is 42.9 mS/cm. [6] [12]
EOS-80 (Equation of State of Seawater -1980) uses Practical Salinity measured on the PSS-78 (Practical Salinity Scale of 1978) scale that itself is based on measurements of temperature, pressure and electrical conductivity. Thus, EOS-80 did not account for different chemical compositions of seawater. [2]
The salinity in isolated bodies of water can be considerably greater still – about ten times higher in the case of the Dead Sea. Historically, several salinity scales were used to approximate the absolute salinity of seawater. A popular scale was the "Practical Salinity Scale" where salinity was measured in "practical salinity units (PSU)".
The "practical salinity unit" is effectively not motivated in the article since it completely lacks any reference to physical salinity. The statement "It is not the case that a salinity of 35 exactly equals 35 grams of salt per liter of solution." only says that PSU is not equal to grams per liter.
Not only does the temperature differ in seawater, so does the salinity. Warm surface water is generally saltier than the cooler deep or polar waters. [1] In polar regions, the upper layers of ocean water are cold and fresh. [2] Deep ocean water is cold, salty water found deep below the surface of Earth's oceans.
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