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Helium is used as a tracer because it penetrates small leaks rapidly. Helium also has the properties of being non-toxic, chemically inert and present in the atmosphere only in minute quantities (5 ppm). Typically a helium leak detector will be used to measure leaks in the range of 10 −5 to 10 −12 Pa·m 3 ·s −1.
As well as airbags, the air conditioning system, fuel system, and exhaust system require testing for leaks. Pacemakers and catheters have to be tested for efficacy and longevity. On planes, tracer-gas leak testing is used to quickly and safely locate fuel leaks, [3] as well as to check oxygen distribution devices and cabin pressurization systems.
The helium leak test uses helium (the lightest inert gas) as a tracer gas and detects it in concentrations as small as one part in 10 million. The helium is selected primarily because it penetrates small leaks readily, is inert and will not react with the test piece while having a naturally low quantity in air making detection less complicated.
One helium leak had been discovered prior to launch and deemed acceptable. “Helium is used in spacecraft thruster systems to allow the thrusters to fire and is not combustible or toxic ...
Separately, teams have also been monitoring slow helium leaks in the spacecraft’s propulsion system. Mission managers knew about one helium leak before Starliner’s launch but said at the time ...
But because there is very little helium in the Earth's atmosphere, leaks can be easily detected - making the gas important for spotting potential faults in a rocket or spacecraft's fuel systems.
The helium that escapes through the leaks is detected by a sensitive device (helium mass spectrometer), even at the leak rates as small as 10 −9 mbar·L/s (10 −10 Pa·m 3 /s). The measurement procedure is normally automatic and is called helium integral test.
A leak appearing within an analytic region (a rule added to the camera) is immediately analyzed for its attributes, including thermal temperature, size, and behaviour (e.g. spraying, pooling, spilling). When a leak is determined to be valid based on set parameters, an alarm notification with leak video is generated and sent to a monitoring station.
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