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Retinal detachment is a condition where the retina pulls away from the tissue underneath it. [1] [2] [3] It may start in a small area, but without quick treatment, it can spread across the entire retina, leading to serious vision loss and possibly blindness. [4] Retinal detachment is a medical emergency that requires surgery. [2] [3]
Treatment is largely aimed at reducing the amount of new blood vessel growth and preventing complications that may arise as a result, including retinal tears and detachments. Using a laser, an ophthalmologist burns the portions of the retina that are not supported by blood vessels, a technique known as laser photocoagulation. [1]
The risk of retinal detachment is the greatest in the first 6 weeks following a vitreous detachment, but can occur over 3 months after the event.. The risk of retinal tears and detachment associated with vitreous detachment is higher in patients with myopic retinal degeneration, lattice degeneration, and a familial or personal history of previous retinal tears/detachment.
Retinal detachment should be considered if there were preceding flashes or floaters, or if there is a new visual field defect in one eye. [2] [3] If treated early enough, retinal tear and detachment can have a good outcome. [2]
Retinal detachment should be considered if there were preceding flashes or floaters, or if there is a new visual field defect in one eye. [2] [3] If treated early enough, retinal tear and detachment can have a good outcome. [2]
Retinal tufts increase the risk of a retinal tear or a detached retina, although the risk is not high- 1% of tufts are thought to lead to retinal detachment. [2] [6] In addition if there is retinal thinning near a zonular traction tuft, there is an increased risk of retinal detachment. [5]
During rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, fluid from the vitreous humor enters a retinal hole. The mechanisms by which retinal holes or tears form are not fully understood yet. The accumulation of fluid in the subretinal space and the tractional force of the vitreous on the retina result in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.
A tear in the retina can allow fluids from the eye to leak in behind the retina, which causes retinal detachment. When this occurs, blood from the retinal blood vessels can bleed into the vitreous. [4] Retinal tear accounts for 11.4–44% of vitreous hemorrhage cases. [1]