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Premature, very low birth weight infants – birth weights less than 1500 grams (3.3 pounds). [6] Rare disorders of fat metabolism – There is a rare genetic condition termed isolated vitamin E deficiency or 'ataxia with isolated with vitamin E deficiency', caused by mutations in the gene for the tocopherol transfer protein. [7]
Malabsorption is a state arising from abnormality in absorption of food nutrients across the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Impairment can be of single or multiple nutrients depending on the abnormality.
Newborn infants are a special case. Plasma vitamin K is low at birth, even if the mother is supplemented during pregnancy, because the vitamin is not transported across the placenta. Vitamin K deficiency bleeding (VKDB) due to physiologically low vitamin K plasma concentrations is a serious risk for premature and term newborn and young infants.
Normally, up to 7 grams of fat can be malabsorbed in people consuming 100 grams of fat per day. In patients with diarrhea, up to 12 grams of fat may be malabsorbed since the presence of diarrhea interferes with fat absorption, even when the diarrhea is not due to fat malabsorption.
However, infants with biliary atresia develop progressive conjugated jaundice, pale white stools, and dark urine. Some infants fail to thrive as there will be a degree of fat and fat-soluble vitamin malabsorption (e.g. Vitamin K). This may cause a bleeding tendency. Eventually, and usually after 2 months, cirrhosis with portal hypertension will ...
Physical symptoms of CMRD involving the development and function of the gastrointestinal tract and nervous system typically manifest between infancy and adolescence. The symptoms of CmRD are similar to the physical symptoms of malnutrition, as the disease arises due to the poor absorption of lipids and fat-soluble nutrients such as vitamin E.
However, many of the observed effects are due to vitamin E deficiency in particular. [11] Acanthocytosis in a patient with abetalipoproteinemia. Signs and symptoms vary and present differently from person to person. In general, 80–99% of individuals exhibit malabsorption of fats and fat-soluble vitamins.
Glucose-galactose malabsorption generally becomes apparent in the first few weeks of a baby's life. Affected infants experience severe diarrhea resulting in life-threatening dehydration, increased acidity of the blood and tissues , and weight loss when fed breast milk or regular infant formulas. However, they are able to digest fructose-based ...