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A new review of existing studies pinpoints the most effective strategies that can help a person quit smoking. These include a common anti-nicotine drug, a plant-based drug, and nicotine e-cigarettes.
In nicotine-dependent smokers, quitting smoking can lead to nicotine withdrawal symptoms such as nicotine cravings, anxiety, irritability, depression, and weight gain. [23]: 2298 Professional smoking cessation support methods generally attempt to address nicotine withdrawal symptoms to help the person break free of nicotine addiction.
Nicotine withdrawal is a group of symptoms that occur in the first few weeks after stopping or decreasing use of nicotine. Symptoms include intense cravings for nicotine, anger or irritability , anxiety , depression , impatience, trouble sleeping , restlessness , hunger , weight gain , and difficulty concentrating.
Mild nicotine withdrawal symptoms are measurable in unrestricted smokers, who experience normal moods only as their blood nicotine levels peak, with each cigarette. [35] On quitting, withdrawal symptoms worsen sharply, then gradually improve to a normal state. [35] Nicotine use as a tool for quitting smoking has a good safety history. [36]
For example, drugs like Chantix help people quit smoking work by binding to nicotine receptors in the brain, making it less painful to stop smoking. Medicines used to treat opioid use disorder ...
In 2011, a randomized controlled trial with 740 patients found cytisine improved 12-month abstinence from nicotine from 2.4% with placebo to 8.4% with cytisine. [12] A 2013 meta-analysis of eight studies demonstrated that cytisine has similar effectiveness to varenicline but with substantially lower side effects. [ 13 ]