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The 13 May 1871 Italian Law of Guarantees, passed eight months after the capture of Rome, was an attempt to solve the problem by making the pope a subject of the Kingdom of Italy, not an independent sovereign, while guaranteeing him certain honours similar to those given to the king and the right to send and receive ambassadors.
In tradition, the first pope, Saint Peter, was crucified upside-down. ... Imprisoned and starved to death on 18 May 526. [4] Pope Martin I (Saint) Elected in 649 ...
The pope also set the Papal States' finances on much steadier ground. Pius is best remembered in connection with the expansion of the Pio-Clementine Museum , which was begun at the suggestion of his predecessor Clement XIV ; and with an attempt to drain the Pontine Marshes , [ 7 ] but Pius VI did successfully drain the marshes near Città della ...
Before setting out for Paris to crown Napoleon in 1804, Pope Pius VII (1800–1823) signed a document of renunciation to take effect if he were imprisoned in France. [ 2 ] During World War II , Pope Pius XII drew up a document ordering that his resignation take effect immediately if he were kidnapped by the Nazis , as was thought likely in ...
Pope Pius VII by Antonio Canova 1805, Albertinum, Dresden The birthplace of Pius VII. Barnaba Niccolò Maria Luigi Chiaramonti was born in Cesena in 1742, the youngest son of Count Scipione Chiaramonti (30 April 1698 – 13 September 1750).
Pope Clement VII (Latin: Clemens VII; Italian: Clemente VII; born Giulio di Giuliano de' Medici; 26 May 1478 – 25 September 1534) was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 19 November 1523 to his death on 25 September 1534. Deemed "the most unfortunate of the popes", Clement VII's reign was marked by a rapid ...
The Avignon Papacy (Occitan: Papat d'Avinhon; French: Papauté d'Avignon) was the period from 1309 to 1376 during which seven successive popes resided in Avignon (at the time within the Kingdom of Arles, part of the Holy Roman Empire, now part of France) rather than in Rome (now the capital of Italy). [1]
He was subsequently imprisoned by Boniface in the castle of Fumone in the Lazio region, in order to prevent his potential installation as antipope. He died in prison on 19 May 1296. Celestine was canonized on 5 May 1313 by Pope Clement V. No subsequent pope has taken the name Celestine.