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  2. Calculus of variations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calculus_of_Variations

    Marston Morse applied calculus of variations in what is now called Morse theory. [6] Lev Pontryagin, Ralph Rockafellar and F. H. Clarke developed new mathematical tools for the calculus of variations in optimal control theory. [6] The dynamic programming of Richard Bellman is an alternative to the calculus of variations. [7] [8] [9] [c]

  3. Brachistochrone curve - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brachistochrone_curve

    The curve of fastest descent is not a straight or polygonal line (blue) but a cycloid (red).. In physics and mathematics, a brachistochrone curve (from Ancient Greek βράχιστος χρόνος (brákhistos khrónos) 'shortest time'), [1] or curve of fastest descent, is the one lying on the plane between a point A and a lower point B, where B is not directly below A, on which a bead slides ...

  4. Geodesic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geodesic

    A locally shortest path between two given points in a curved space, assumed [b] to be a Riemannian manifold, can be defined by using the equation for the length of a curve (a function f from an open interval of R to the space), and then minimizing this length between the points using the calculus of variations. This has some minor technical ...

  5. Three-detector problem and Newell's method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-detector_problem_and...

    The Three-detector problem [1] ... Equation (4) is a shortest path(i.e., calculus of variations) problem with = () as the cost function. It turns out that it produces ...

  6. Geodesics on an ellipsoid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geodesics_on_an_ellipsoid

    The shortest path or geodesic entails finding that function φ(λ) which minimizes s 12. This is an exercise in the calculus of variations and the minimizing condition is given by the Beltrami identity, ′ ′ = Substituting for L and using Eqs.

  7. Calculus of variations - en.wikipedia.org

    en.wikipedia.org/.../Calculus_of_variations

    The calculus of variations (or variational calculus) is a field of mathematical analysis that uses variations, which are small changes in functions and functionals, to find maxima

  8. Fundamental lemma of the calculus of variations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental_lemma_of_the...

    In mathematics, specifically in the calculus of variations, a variation δf of a function f can be concentrated on an arbitrarily small interval, but not a single point. . Accordingly, the necessary condition of extremum (functional derivative equal zero) appears in a weak formulation (variational form) integrated with an arbitrary function

  9. Direct method in the calculus of variations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_method_in_the...

    In mathematics, the direct method in the calculus of variations is a general method for constructing a proof of the existence of a minimizer for a given functional, [1] introduced by Stanisław Zaremba and David Hilbert around 1900. The method relies on methods of functional analysis and topology. As well as being used to prove the existence of ...