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The condenser microphone, invented at Western Electric in 1916 by E. C. Wente, [22] is also called a capacitor microphone or electrostatic microphone—capacitors were historically called condensers. The diaphragm acts as one plate of a capacitor, and audio vibrations produce changes in the distance between the plates.
An electret microphone is a microphone whose diaphragm forms a capacitor (historically-termed a condenser) that incorporates an electret. The electret's permanent electric dipole provides a constant charge Q on the capacitor.
English: A typical electret microphone preamp circuit uses a FET in a common source configuration. The two-terminal electret capsule contains an FET which must be externally powered by supply voltage V +. The resistor sets the gain and output impedance. The audio signal appears at the output, after a DC-blocking capacitor.
Some condenser microphones can be powered with a 1.5-volt cell contained in a small compartment in the microphone or in an external housing. Phantom power is sometimes used by workers in avionics to describe the DC bias voltage used to power aviation microphones, which use a lower voltage than professional audio microphones.
Condenser microphones have impedance converter (current amplifier) circuitry that requires powering; in addition, the capsule of any non-electret, non-RF condenser microphone requires a polarizing voltage to be applied. Since the mid- to late 1960s most balanced, professional condenser microphones for recording and broadcast have used phantom ...
Microphone diaphragms, unlike speaker diaphragms, tend to be thin and flexible, since they need to absorb as much sound as possible. In a condenser microphone, the diaphragm is placed in front of a plate and is charged. [2] In a dynamic microphone, the diaphragm is glued to a magnetic coil, similar to the one in a dynamic loudspeaker.
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They had the best microphone, a condenser type developed there in 1916 and greatly improved in 1922, [21] and the best amplifiers and test equipment. They had already patented an electromechanical recorder in 1918, and in the early 1920s, they decided to intensively apply their hardware and expertise to developing two state-of-the-art systems ...