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The Tohono Oʼodham (/ t ə ˈ h oʊ n oʊ ˈ ɔː t əm,-ˈ oʊ t əm / tə-HOH-noh AW-təm, - OH-təm, [2] O'odham: [ˈtɔhɔnɔ ˈʔɔʔɔd̪am]) are a Native American people of the Sonoran Desert, residing primarily in the U.S. state of Arizona and the northern Mexican state of Sonora. The United States federally recognized tribe is the ...
The Tohono Oʼodham Nation [2] is the collective government body of the Tohono Oʼodham tribe in the United States. [2] The Tohono Oʼodham Nation governs four separate sections of land with a combined area of 2.8 million acres (11,330 km 2), approximately the size of Connecticut and the second-largest Indigenous land holding in the United States.
El Pinacate and Gran Desierto de Altar Biosphere Reserve (Spanish: Reserva de la Biosfera El Pinacate y Gran Desierto de Altar) is a biosphere reserve and UNESCO World Heritage Site [1] managed by the federal government of Mexico, specifically by Secretariat of the Environment and Natural Resources, in collaboration with the state governments of Sonora and the Tohono O'odham.
The Tohono Oʼodham Indian Reservation, is an Indian reservation of the Tohono Oʼodham Nation in Arizona, United States. [1] The reservation had a 2020 census population of 9,561. It has an area of 4,340.984 square miles (11,243.098 km 2 ), 97.48 percent of the Tohono Oʼodham Nation's total area.
I'itoi or I'ithi is, in the cosmology of the O'odham peoples of Arizona, the creator and God who resides in a cave below the peak of Baboquivari Mountain, a sacred place within the territory of the Tohono O'odham Nation. O'odham oral history describes I'itoi bringing Hohokam people to this earth from the underworld. Hohokam are ancestors of ...
In the middle of the century, their remaining settlements along the upper San Pedro River were broken up by Arivaipa and Pinaleño Apache attacks. They moved west, seeking refuge among the Tohono Oʼodham and Akimel Oʼodham, with whom they merged. The other peoples are the Tohono Oʼodham or Desert Pima, enrolled in the Tohono Oʼodham Nation.
It is the smallest such designated wilderness in the state of Arizona. Today, the 2,900,000-acre (12,000 km 2) Tohono O'odham Nation (second largest reservation in the United States) lies to the west. Baboquivari Peak's elevation is 7,730 feet (2,356 m).
The O'odham were the main fighters, while the Americans and Mexicans picked off Apaches who tried to escape. Most of the Apache men were off hunting in the mountains. All but eight of the corpses were women and children. Twenty-nine children had been captured and were sold into slavery in Mexico by the Tohono O'odham and the Mexicans themselves.
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