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The unit of measurement used to describe the ribosomal subunits and the rRNA fragments is the Svedberg unit, a measure of the rate of sedimentation in centrifugation rather than size. This accounts for why fragment names do not add up: for example, bacterial 70S ribosomes are made of 50S and 30S subunits.
The eukaryotic cell cycle consists of four distinct phases: G 1 phase, S phase (synthesis), G 2 phase (collectively known as interphase) and M phase (mitosis and cytokinesis). M phase is itself composed of two tightly coupled processes: mitosis, in which the cell's nucleus divides, and cytokinesis, in which the cell's cytoplasm and cell membrane divides forming two daughter cells.
Recent structural biology results also indicated that a second eIF4A protein can simultaneously associate with the initiation complex, specifically interacting with eIF3. [2] [3] The poly(A)-binding protein (PABP) also associates with the eIF4F complex via eIF4G, and binds the poly-A tail of most eukaryotic mRNA molecules. This protein has been ...
Light micrograph of a moss's leaf cells at 400X magnification. The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to cell biology: . Cell biology – A branch of biology that includes study of cells regarding their physiological properties, structure, and function; the organelles they contain; interactions with their environment; and their life cycle, division, and death.
The ribosome is a prominent drug target for antibacterials, which interfere with translation at different stages of the elongation cycle [44] Most clinically relevant translation compounds are inhibitors of bacterial translation, but inhibitors of eukaryotic translation may also hold therapeutic potential for application in cancer or antifungal ...
Cell_Cycle_2.png: The original ... Enlarged letters, cell for greater legibility when picture is rendered at 250px or less. 00:01, 13 June 2010: 482 × 502 (17 KB ...
The polypeptides ribosomes produce go on to be cell structural proteins, enzymes, and many other things. [3] Ribosomes can also sometimes be associated with chloroplasts and mitochondria but these are not membrane bound. [3] The image shows a membrane-bound ribosome synthesizing a protein into the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum.
Several ribosomes synthesizing a polypeptide on the same mRNA strand. A polyribosome (or polysome or ergosome) is a group of ribosomes bound to an mRNA molecule like “beads” on a “thread”. [1] It consists of a complex of an mRNA molecule and two or more ribosomes that act to translate mRNA instructions into polypeptides.