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[4] [28] Stress can affect children's growth and development, including the onset of puberty. [28] Some of the physical cues that may be indicative of stress in children are rashes on skin and skin diseases such as eczema , acne and hair loss , worsening asthma , insomnia or hypersomnia, frequent headaches, muscle aches, vomiting, constipation ...
Arthritis in childhood can be associated with muscle weakness and wasting around the affected joints. It can also lead to low bone density, which may predispose to osteoporosis and fractures in adulthood. Getting regular exercise is an important part of the management of JIA to promote bone and muscle health. [29] [30]
One focus of ergonomic principles is maintaining neutral postures, which are postures in which muscles are at their normal length and able to generate the most force, while reducing stress and possible injury to muscles, tendons, nerves, and bones- therefore, in the workplace or in everyday life, it is ideal for muscles and joints to maintain ...
In addition, the age at which the stress is experienced can dictate its effect on health. Research suggests chronic stress at a young age can have lifelong effects on the biological, psychological, and behavioral responses to stress later in life.
Physical therapy involves training the use of the affected limb or training the use of the body. This is for the purpose of retraining muscles after muscle atrophy, and retraining how to use the affected muscles with less amplified pain. Massage therapy is used to desensitize the affected area or body so it can build a tolerance to pain.
Musculoskeletal injury spans into a large variety of medical specialties including orthopedic surgery (with diseases such as arthritis requiring surgery), sports medicine, [5] emergency medicine (acute presentations of joint and muscular pain) and rheumatology (in rheumatological diseases that affect joints such as rheumatoid arthritis ...
Bones and muscles work together to support daily movements. Physical activity strengthens muscles. Bones adapt by building more cells, and as a result, both become stronger. Strong bones and muscles protect against injury and improve balance and coordination. In addition, active adults experience less joint stiffness and improved flexibility ...
Additionally, chronic stress seems to affect risks to heart and lung (cardiovascular) health by increasing how quickly plaque can build up on artery walls (arteriosclerosis). However, further research is needed to clarify the relationship between severe chronic pain, stress and cardiovascular health. [98]