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In a periapical abscess, usually the origin is a bacterial infection that has accumulated in the soft, often dead, pulp of the tooth. This can be caused by tooth decay, broken teeth or extensive periodontal disease (or combinations of these factors). A failed root canal treatment may also create a similar abscess.
Another potential cause occurs when a periodontal pocket is scaled incompletely. [15] Following this procedure, the gingival cuff tightens around the tooth, which may be enough to trap the bacteria left in the pocket. A gingival retraction cord which is accidentally left in situ is an occasional cause of a periodontal abscess.
The first line of treatment is the removal of the source of inflammation or infection by local operative measures. [9] Generally, the abscess can be eradicated through surgical drainage alone; however this is sometimes inadequate. Therefore, systemic antibiotic treatment may be required, but only if there is evidence of spreading infection. [9]
Mouth infections, also known as oral infections, are a group of infections that occur around the oral cavity. They include dental infection , dental abscess , and Ludwig's angina . Mouth infections typically originate from dental caries at the root of molars and premolars that spread to adjacent structures.
Antibiotic in case of a sudden onset of symptoms in less than 24 hours. [ 8 ] Periapical periodontitis or apical periodontitis [ 9 ] ( AP ) is an acute or chronic inflammatory lesion around the apex of a tooth root , most commonly caused by bacterial invasion of the pulp of the tooth . [ 10 ]
Treatment of the acute disease is by debridement and antibiotics, usually metronidazole. Poor oral hygiene and other predisposing factors may need to be corrected to prevent recurrence. Necrotizing gingivitis is also known as trench mouth, as it was observed to occur in the mouths of front line soldiers during World War I.
The most common causes for odontogenic infection to be established are dental caries, deep fillings, failed root canal treatments, periodontal disease, and pericoronitis. [2] Odontogenic infection starts as localised infection and may remain localised to the region where it started, or spread into adjacent or distant areas.
Symptoms: Pain, loss of dental vitality, tenderness, dental mobility: Causes: Complication of root canal treatment or endodontic procedures, chronic apical periodontitis: Diagnostic method: Clinical and radiographic features: Treatment: Further endodontic treatment, antibiotics and analgesics, debridement, extraction, bite adjustment
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