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Ocular neuropathic pain, also called corneal neuralgia, is a spectrum of disorders of ocular pain which are caused by damage or disease affecting the nerves. Ocular neuropathic pain is frequently associated with damaged or dysfunctional corneal nerves, [ 1 ] but the condition can also be caused by peripheral or centralized sensitization. [ 2 ]
Peripheral Ulcerative Keratitis (PUK) is a group of destructive inflammatory diseases involving the peripheral cornea in human eyes. [1] The symptoms of PUK include pain, redness of the eyeball, photophobia, and decreased vision accompanied by distinctive signs of crescent-shaped damage of the cornea.
Corneal abrasion is a scratch to the surface of the cornea of the eye. [3] Symptoms include pain, redness, light sensitivity , and a feeling like a foreign body is in the eye. [ 1 ] Most people recover completely within three days.
Symptoms may be noted to persist after contact lenses are removed, or following antibiotic treatment. [citation needed] Signs: The eyelids and adnexa involved shows edema and redness, conjunctiva is chemosed. Ulcer may be present. It is a dry looking corneal ulcer with satellite lesions in the surrounding cornea.
Long-term contact lens use can lead to alterations in corneal thickness, stromal thickness, curvature, corneal sensitivity, cell density, and epithelial oxygen uptake. . Other structural changes may include the formation of epithelial vacuoles and microcysts (containing cellular debris), corneal neovascularization, as well as the emergence of polymegethism in the corneal endoth
Typically one eye is affected after an incubation period of up to a week. [2] The eye becomes itchy, painful, burning and reddish and lymphadenopathy may be felt by the ear nearest the affected eye. [2] The symptoms may last around 10 days to three weeks. [2] It may be is associated with blurred vision, photophobia and swelling of the conjunctiva.
Neurotrophic keratitis (NK) is a degenerative disease of the cornea caused by damage of the trigeminal nerve, [1] which results in impairment of corneal sensitivity, spontaneous corneal epithelium breakdown, poor corneal healing and development of corneal ulceration, melting and perforation. [2]
Ischemic optic neuropathies are classified based on the location of the damage and the cause of reduced blood flow if known. [3] Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) includes diseases that affect the optic nerve head and cause swelling of the optic disc. These diseases often cause sudden rapid visual loss in one eye.