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RNA folding problem: Is it possible to accurately predict the secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure of a polyribonucleic acid sequence based on its sequence and environment? Protein design : Is it possible to design highly active enzymes de novo for any desired reaction?
In eukaryotes, there are two distinct types of cell division: a vegetative division , producing daughter cells genetically identical to the parent cell, and a cell division that produces haploid gametes for sexual reproduction , reducing the number of chromosomes from two of each type in the diploid parent cell to one of each type in the ...
The eukaryotic cell cycle consists of four distinct phases: G 1 phase, S phase (synthesis), G 2 phase (collectively known as interphase) and M phase (mitosis and cytokinesis). M phase is itself composed of two tightly coupled processes: mitosis, in which the cell's nucleus divides, and cytokinesis, in which the cell's cytoplasm and cell membrane divides forming two daughter cells.
Light micrograph of a moss's leaf cells at 400X magnification. The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to cell biology: . Cell biology – A branch of biology that includes study of cells regarding their physiological properties, structure, and function; the organelles they contain; interactions with their environment; and their life cycle, division, and death.
Differential equations are prominent in many scientific areas. Nonlinear ones are of particular interest for their commonality in describing real-world systems and how much more difficult they are to solve compared to linear differential equations.
McKendrick–von Foerster equation in age structure modeling; Nernst–Planck equation in ion flux across biological membranes; Price equation in evolutionary biology; Reaction-diffusion equation in theoretical biology. Fisher–KPP equation in nonlinear traveling waves; FitzHugh–Nagumo model in neural activation; Replicator dynamics in ...
Phase portrait showing saddle-node bifurcation. Bifurcation theory is the mathematical study of changes in the qualitative or topological structure of a given family of curves, such as the integral curves of a family of vector fields, and the solutions of a family of differential equations.
This continual division of labile cells allows them to reproduce new stem cells and replace functional cells that are lost in the body. [1] Functional cells may be lost through necrosis , which is the premature death of cells caused by environmental disturbances, such as diseases or injuries. [ 3 ]