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  2. Grammatical modifier - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_modifier

    Modifiers may come either before or after the modified element (the head), depending on the type of modifier and the rules of syntax for the language in question. A modifier placed before the head is called a premodifier; one placed after the head is called a postmodifier.

  3. Hindustani grammar - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustani_grammar

    Nouns in Hindi are put in the dative or accusative case first having the noun in the oblique case and then by adding the postposition ko after it. However, when two nouns are used in a sentence in which one of them is in the accusative case and the other in the dative case, the sentence becomes ambiguous and stops making sense, so, to make ...

  4. Indian honorifics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_honorifics

    A Maratha Durbar showing the Chief and the nobles (Sardars, Jagirdars, Sarpatil, Istamuradars & Mankaris) of the state.. Indian honorifics are honorific titles or appendices to names used in the Indian subcontinent, covering formal and informal social, commercial, and religious relationships.

  5. Hindustani verbs - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustani_verbs

    The meaning conveyed is the doer went somewhere to do something. and came back after completing the action. 1. karnā "to do" 2. nikalnā "to come out" 1. kar ānā "to finish (and come back)", "to do (and return)"; 2. nikal ānā "to escape" cuknā "to have (already) completed something" Shows sense of completeness of an action in the past ...

  6. Adposition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adposition

    For example, the meaning of "behind the rock" is likely to depend on the position of the speaker (projective), whereas the meaning of "on the desk" is not (non-projective). Sometimes the interpretation is ambiguous, as in "behind the house," which may mean either at the natural back of the house or on the opposite side of the house from the ...

  7. Hindustani phonology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustani_phonology

    Hindustani does not distinguish between [v] and [w], specifically Hindi. These are distinct phonemes in English, but conditional allophones of the phoneme /ʋ/ in Hindustani (written व in Hindi or و in Urdu), meaning that contextual rules determine when it is pronounced as [v] and when it is pronounced as [w].

  8. Phonological history of Hindustani - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonological_history_of...

    Changes after this point characterize the New Indo-Aryan (NIA) era from the MIA period. Many of these changes distinguish Hindi from nearby languages like Marathi, Gujarati, and Punjabi. Before, it was convenient to use the nominal/verbal stem as the "dictionary" form in describing sound changes (e.g. ending in -a for the nominative masculine a ...

  9. Hindi pronouns - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindi_Pronouns

    The personal pronouns and possessives in Modern Standard Hindi of the Hindustani language displays a higher degree of inflection than other parts of speech. Personal pronouns have distinct forms according to whether they stand for a subject ( nominative ), a direct object ( accusative ), an indirect object ( dative ), or a reflexive object.