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A major function: controls muscles for voice and resonance and the soft palate. Symptoms of damage: dysphagia (swallowing problems), velopharyngeal insufficiency. This nerve is involved (together with nerve IX) in the pharyngeal reflex or gag reflex. XI Accessory. Sometimes: cranial accessory, spinal accessory. Mainly motor Cranial and Spinal Roots
Cranial nerves are the nerves that emerge directly from the brain (including the brainstem), of which there are conventionally considered twelve pairs.Cranial nerves relay information between the brain and parts of the body, primarily to and from regions of the head and neck, including the special senses of vision, taste, smell, and hearing.
This is a list of human anatomy mnemonics, categorized and alphabetized.For mnemonics in other medical specialties, see this list of medical mnemonics.Mnemonics serve as a systematic method for remembrance of functionally or systemically related items within regions of larger fields of study, such as those found in the study of specific areas of human anatomy, such as the bones in the hand ...
List of mnemonics for the cranial nerves, their respective type and foramen NERVE: Olfactory nerve Optic nerve Oculomotor nerve Pathic (Trochlear) nerve Trigeminal (dentist) nerve Abducens nerve Facial nerve Vestibulo-cochlear (Auditory) nerve Glosso-pharyngeal nerve Vagus nerve Spinal Accessory nerve Hypoglossal nerve Ophthalmic: Maxillary ...
In the head and neck, cranial nerves carry somatosensory data. There are twelve cranial nerves, ten of which originate from the brainstem, and mainly control the functions of the anatomic structures of the head with some exceptions. One unique cranial nerve is the vagus nerve, which receives sensory information from organs in the thorax and ...
Olfactory nerve (cranial nerve 1) – smell; Optic nerve (cranial nerve 2) – sight; Oculomotor nerve (cranial nerve 3) – eye movement (except rotation) Trochlear nerve (cranial nerve 4) – eye rotation; Trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve 5) – sensation from the face and certain motor functions such as biting and chewing
Two of the cranial nerves show chiasmas: (1) the chiasma of the optic tract (i.e., cranial nerve II), which originates from the eyes and inserts on the optic tectum of the midbrain; and (2) the trochlear nerve (i.e., cranial nerve IV), which originates in the ventral midbrain and innervates one of the six muscles that rotate the eye (i.e., the ...
Glutamate released from the upper motor neurons triggers depolarization in the lower motor neurons in the anterior grey column, which in turn causes an action potential to propagate the length of the axon to the neuromuscular junction where acetylcholine is released to carry the signal across the synaptic cleft to the postsynaptic receptors of the muscle cell membrane, signaling the muscle to ...