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Petroleum products are materials derived from crude oil as it is processed in oil refineries. Unlike petrochemicals, which are a collection of well-defined usually pure organic compounds, petroleum products are complex mixtures. [1] Most petroleum is converted into petroleum products, which include several classes of fuels. [2]
The total production of a barrel of crude into various products results in an increase to 45 US gallons (37 imp gal; 170 L). [ 16 ] In the 18th and 19th centuries, whale oil was commonly used for lamps, which was replaced with natural gas and then electricity.
In 2018 road transport used 49% of petroleum, aviation 8%, and uses other than energy 17%. [156] Electric vehicles are the main alternative for road transport and biojet for aviation. [157] [158] [159] Single-use plastics have a high carbon footprint and may pollute the sea, but as of 2022 the best alternatives are unclear. [160]
The three most quoted oil products are North America's West Texas Intermediate crude (WTI), North Sea Brent Crude, and the UAE Dubai Crude, and their pricing is used as a barometer for the entire petroleum industry, although, in total, there are 46 key oil exporting countries. Brent Crude is typically priced at about $2 over the WTI Spot price ...
The use of food grade mineral oil is self-limiting because of its laxative effect, and is not considered a risk in food for any age class. [26] The maximum daily intake is calculated to be about 100 mg (1.5 gr), of which some 80 mg (1.2 gr) are contributed from its use on machines in the baking industry.
Petroleum has enabled plastics to be used to create a wide range and massive quantity of consumer items at extremely low production costs. Annual growth rates in production have been near 10%, and are driven largely by single-use plastics for which improper disposal is common. [35]
The petroleum industry, also known as the oil industry, includes the global processes of exploration, extraction, ... World crude oil production from wells (excludes ...
Petroleum refinery in Anacortes, Washington, United States. Petroleum refining processes are the chemical engineering processes and other facilities used in petroleum refineries (also referred to as oil refineries) to transform crude oil into useful products such as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), gasoline or petrol, kerosene, jet fuel, diesel oil and fuel oils.