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A randkluft (from the German for marginal cleft/crevasse) or rimaye (from the same French IPA:) is the headwall gap between a glacier or snowfield and the adjacent rock face at the back of the cirque [1] or, more loosely, between the rock face and the side of the glacier. In French, the word rimaye covers both notions of randkluft and bergschrund.
Transverse crevasses, Chugach State Park, Alaska. A crevasse is a deep crack that forms in a glacier or ice sheet. Crevasses form as a result of the movement and resulting stress associated with the shear stress generated when two semi-rigid pieces above a plastic substrate have different rates of movement. The resulting intensity of the shear ...
A crevasse that forms on the upper portion of a glacier where the moving section pulls away from the headwall. beta Information on how to complete (or protect) a particular climbing route. See on-sight and flash. [1] [2] [3] beta break In sport climbing, a move on a climbing route other than the move originally intended by the route setter. In ...
A bergschrund (from the German for mountain cleft; sometimes abbreviated in English to "schrund") is a crevasse that forms where moving glacier ice separates from the stagnant ice or firn above. [1] It is often a serious obstacle for mountaineers. Bergschrunds extend to the bedrock, and can have a depth of well over 100 metres (330 ft).
The first order cause of calving is longitudinal stretching, which controls the formation of crevasses. When crevasses penetrate the full thickness of the ice, calving will occur. [ 12 ] Longitudinal stretching is controlled by friction at the base and edges of the glacier, glacier geometry and water pressure at the bed.
A crevasse may be as deep as 45 m (148 ft) and as wide as 20 m (66 ft). [11] A crevasse may be covered, but not necessarily filled, by a snow bridge made of the previous years' accumulation and snow drifts. The result is that crevasses are rendered invisible, and extremely dangerous to anyone attempting to traverse a glacier. [12]
They can be up to 10 meters wide and are typically found on ice sheets and flat areas of a glacier in a region of transverse crevasses. Moulins can reach the bottom of the glacier, hundreds of meters deep, [3] [4] [5] or may only reach the depth of common crevasse formation (about 10–40 m) where the stream flows englacially. [6]
Conceiving that such a compilation might help to supply my own deficiencies, I had, in the year 1805, completed a classed catalogue of words on a small scale, but on the same principle, and nearly in the same form, as the Thesaurus now published. [4] Roget's Thesaurus is composed of six primary classes. [5]