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Human variability, or human variation, is the range of possible values for any characteristic, physical or mental, of human beings. Frequently debated areas of variability include cognitive ability , personality , physical appearance ( body shape , skin color , etc.) and immunology .
In rare cases, congenital defect results in a short tail-like structure being present at birth. Twenty-three cases of human babies born with such a structure have been reported in the medical literature since 1884. [22] [23] In these cases, the spine and skull were determined to be entirely normal. The only abnormality was that of a tail ...
Fear of perceived body image flaws, misconceptions about one’s own physical appearance, body-checking behavior Body dysmorphic disorder ( BDD ), also known in some contexts as dysmorphophobia , is a mental disorder defined by an overwhelming preoccupation with a perceived flaw in one's physical appearance. [ 1 ]
Epiphenomenalism is a position in the philosophy of mind on the mind–body problem.It holds that subjective mental events are completely dependent for their existence on corresponding physical and biochemical events within the human body, but do not themselves influence physical events.
Overconfidence effect, a tendency to have excessive confidence in one's own answers to questions. For example, for certain types of questions, answers that people rate as "99% certain" turn out to be wrong 40% of the time. [5] [44] [45] [46] Planning fallacy, the tendency for people to underestimate the time it will take them to complete a ...
Human physical appearance is the outward phenotype or look of human beings. Image of a European female (left) and an East Asian male (right) human body seen from front (upper) and back (lower). Adult human bodies photographed whose naturally-occurring pubic, body, facial, but not head hair have been deliberately removed to show anatomy.
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), most birth defects are believed to be caused by a complex mix of factors including genetics, environment, and behaviors, [13] though many birth defects have no known cause. An example of a birth defect is cleft palate, which occurs during the fourth through seventh weeks of ...
Type-B Materialism, also known as Weak Reductionism or A Posteriori Physicalism, is the view that the hard problem stems from human psychology, and is therefore not indicative of a genuine ontological gap between consciousness and the physical world. [45] Like Type-A Materialists, Type-B Materialists are committed to physicalism.