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The Tupi people, a subdivision of the Tupi-Guarani linguistic families, were one of the largest groups of indigenous peoples in Brazil before its colonization. Scholars believe that while they first settled in the Amazon rainforest, from about 2,900 years ago the Tupi started to migrate southward and gradually occupied the Atlantic coast of Southeast Brazil.
Joseph of Anchieta, the first grammarian of Old Tupi, by Benedito Calixto. During the 16th-century colonization of Brazil, Old Tupi was the predominant language in the coastal regions of the country. Despite some dialectical variations, it became imperative for the fewer colonizers to learn it for territorial conquest.
I a-ĩ-a A1SG -be- NMLZ peve until xivi puma o-vaẽ A3 -arrive Xee a-ĩ-a peve xivi o-vaẽ I A1SG-be-NMLZ until puma A3-arrive "The puma came as far as where I was staying" (as cited in Estigarribia & Pinta, pg. 241) Unknown glossing abbreviation(s) (help); Example 2 Ndee You re-ke-a A2SG -sleep- NMLZ ja while a-mba’eapo A1SG -work Ndee re-ke-a ja a-mba’eapo You A2SG-sleep-NMLZ while ...
However, the Tupi family also comprises other languages. In the neighbouring Spanish colonies, Guarani , another Tupian language closely related to Old Tupi, had a similar history, but managed to resist the spread of Spanish more successfully than Tupi resisted Portuguese .
O'Hagan (2014) [2] proposes that Proto-Tupi-Guarani was spoken in the region of the lower Tocantins and Xingu Rivers. Proto-Omagua-Kokama then expanded up the Amazon River, Proto-Tupinamba expanded south along the Atlantic coast, and the Southern branch expanded up along the Tocantins/Araguaia River towards the Paraná River basin.
Territorial divisions throughout Mexican history were generally linked to political change and programs aimed at improving the administrative, country's economic and social development. On 3 March 1865, one of the most important decrees of the government of Maximilian, the first division of the territory of the new Empire, was issued and ...
Tupiniquim (also Tupinã-ki, Topinaquis, Tupinaquis, Tupinanquins; plural: Tupiniquins) are an indigenous people of Brazil of the Tupi family, who now live in three indigenous territories (Terras Indígenas in Portuguese).
Mudzyetíre – a Cayapó name for an unknown Tupi tribe that lived on the Igarapé Sororosinho. (Unattested.) (Unattested.) Tacuñapé / Eidum / Péua – extinct language once spoken on the Iriri River and Novo River .