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Paper form: It is a strip of coloured paper which changes colour to red if the solution is acidic and to blue, if the solution is basic. The strip can be placed directly onto a surface of a wet substance or a few drops of the solution can be dropped onto the universal indicator using dropping equipment.
Low pH color Transition low end Transition high end High pH color Gentian violet (Methyl violet 10B) [4] yellow 0.0 2.0 blue-violet Malachite green (first transition) yellow 0.0 2.0 green Malachite green (second transition) green 11.6 14.0 colorless Thymol blue (first transition) red 1.2 2.8 yellow Thymol blue (second transition) yellow 8.0 9.6 ...
It is advised to check the references for photos of reaction results. [1] Reagent testers might show the colour of the desired substance while not showing a different colour for a more dangerous additive. [2]
The main use of litmus is to test whether a solution is acidic or basic, as blue litmus paper turns red under acidic conditions, and red litmus paper turns blue under basic or alkaline conditions, with the color change occurring over the pH range 4.5–8.3 at 25 °C (77 °F). Neutral litmus paper is purple. [2]
Hydrion is a trademarked name for a popular line of compound pH indicators, marketed by Micro Essential Laboratory Inc., exhibiting a series of color changes (typically producing a recognizably different color for each pH unit) over a range of pH values. Although solutions are available, the most common forms of Hydrion are a series of papers ...
Phenolphthalein's pH sensitivity is exploited in other applications: concrete has naturally high pH due to the calcium hydroxide formed when Portland cement reacts with water. As the concrete reacts with carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, pH decreases to 8.5–9. When a 1% phenolphthalein solution is applied to normal concrete, it turns bright pink.
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