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Nidhal Guessoum says that the central issue in the Islam-science discourse is the hierarchical positioning or place of the Quran in the scientific enterprise. [72] Mustansir Mir argues for a proper approach to Quran with regard to science that allows multiple and multi-level interpretations. [103] [104] He writes:
A criticism made of the commission is that in its enthusiasm to prove that evidence in favor of Qur'anic scientific miracles “is clear and obvious" and to demonstrate that "a group of eminent non-Muslim scholars in several fields” has testified to this miraculous connection, [13] the commission has spread misleading, out-of-context statements by several of these non-Muslim scholars.
Historical reliability of the Quran concerns the question of the historicity and plagiarism of the described or claimed events in the Quran.. The Quran is viewed to be the scriptural foundation of Islam and is believed by Muslims to have been sent down by Allah (God) and revealed to Muhammad by the angel Jibreel ().
Muslims believe the Quran refers to figures, prophets, and events in the Hebrew Bible and the Christian New Testament because these books are predecessors of the Quran, also revealed by the one true omnipotent God. The differences between these books and the Quran can be explained (Muslims believed) by the flawed processes of transmission and ...
Islam also has its own school of Evolutionary creationism/Theistic evolutionism, which holds that mainstream scientific analysis of the origin of the universe is supported by the Quran. Many Muslims believe in evolutionary creationism, especially among Sunni and Shia Muslims and the Liberal movements within Islam .
In recent decades, the term I'jaz has also come to refer to the belief that the Quran contains "scientific miracles", i.e. prophecies of scientific discoveries. [5] Kharq al'adad – "a break in God's customary order of things" – was a term used in "theological or philosophical discussions" to refer to miraculous events. [ 2 ]
Islam [a] is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the Quran, [9] and the teachings of Muhammad. [10] Adherents of Islam are called Muslims, who are estimated to number 1.9 billion worldwide and are the world's second-largest religious population after Christians. [11] Surah al Fatiha , from the Quran.
He argued that a Muslim has a religious obligation to know whatever aspects of religious science are necessary for them to obey Shari'ah in doing whatever work it is they do. So, for example, someone working in animal husbandry should know rules concerning zakat ; a merchant "doing business in an usurious environment", should learn rules about ...