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Cecidomyiidae is a family of flies known as gall midges or gall gnats. As the name implies, the larvae of most gall midges feed within plant tissue, creating abnormal plant growths called galls . Cecidomyiidae are very fragile small insects usually only 2–3 mm (0.079–0.118 in) in length; many are less than 1 mm (0.039 in) long.
The meristems, where plant cell division occurs, are the usual sites of galls, though insect galls can be found on other parts of the plant, such as the leaves, stalks, branches, buds, roots, and even flowers and fruits. Gall-inducing insects are usually species-specific and sometimes tissue-specific on the plants they gall.
The gall itself is a typical oak apple gall in appearance, roughly spherical and varies from greenish to reddish or orange depending on host, age and environmental conditions. The galls range in size from a 2–14 cm across and often contain multiple larvae as well as parasites and other species that form a mutual relationship by feeding off ...
Oak marble galls are also known as the bullet gall, oak nut or Devonshire gall. [5] The developing spherical galls are green at first, brown later, and mature in August. Each gall contains a central chamber, with a single female wasp larva of the asexual generation, which emerges through a 'woodworm-like' hole as an adult winged gall-wasp in ...
P. macrosporus galls on a petiole and mid-rib of A. podagraria The gall develops as a chemically induced swelling, arising from the surface of the leaf lamina, veins, mid-ribs, and petiole. On the leaf lamina it forms yellowish bulges standing out on the upper surface, but missing the black sori that are typical of an otherwise similar gall ...
Cola-nut gall cut open to show the unilocular cavity Oak marble galls showing two stunted and two normal-sized examples. The galls are found in small groups, which however do not coalesce, helping to prevent mis-identification with the oak marble gall (Andricus kollari), in addition the shape is ovoid rather than spherical and it is scaly rather than smooth.
Diplolepis rosae is a gall wasp which causes a gall known as the rose bedeguar gall, bedeguar gall wasp, Robin's pincushion, mossy rose gall, or simply moss gall. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The gall develops as a chemically induced distortion of an unopened leaf axillary or terminal bud, mostly on field rose ( Rosa arvensis ) or dog rose ( Rosa canina ) shrubs.
This bowing is temporary, only occurring during the egg laying period of species that use the plant as a host, such as goldenrod gall fly (Eurosta solidaginis) and the goldenrod bunch gall midge (Rhopalomyia solidaginis). [14] Insect species inject their eggs into goldenrod buds causing spherical swelling on the plant known as a gall. [15]