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In education, a curriculum (/ k ə ˈ r ɪ k j ʊ l ə m /; pl.: curriculums or curricula / k ə ˈ r ɪ k j ʊ l ə /) is the totality of student experiences that occur in an educational process. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The term often refers specifically to a planned sequence of instruction, or to a view of the student's experiences in terms of the ...
The term of "curriculum hybridization" has been coined by early childhood researchers to describe the fusion of diverse curricular discourses [14] or approaches. [17] The ecological model of curriculum hybridization can be used to explain the cultural conflicts and fusion that may happen in developing or adapting curricula for pre-school. [16]
Curriculum theory (CT) is an academic discipline devoted to examining and shaping educational curricula. There are many interpretations of CT, being as narrow as the dynamics of the learning process of one child in a classroom to the lifelong learning path an individual takes.
A curriculum framework is an organized plan or set of standards or learning outcomes that defines the content to be learned in terms of clear, definable standards of what the student should know and be able to do. [1] A curriculum framework is part of an outcome-based education or standards based education reform design. The framework is the ...
A humanistic curriculum is a curriculum based on intercultural education that allows for the plurality of society while striving to ensure a balance between pluralism and universal values. In terms of policy, this view sees curriculum frameworks as tools to bridge broad educational goals and the processes to reach them.
The expectations for delivering the National Curriculum for mathematics in England at Key Stages 1 and 2 are tightly defined with clear time-linked objectives. The Department for Education has provided an initial annual scheme of work [6] (or set of expectations) for each school/academic year from Year 1 (age 5/6) to and including Year 6 (age ...
Ralph W. Tyler introduced the idea of "backward design" (without using this particular term) in 1949 when referring to a statement of objectives.A statement of objectives is used to indicate the kinds of changes in the student to be brought about so that instructional activities can be planned and developed in a way likely to attain these objectives.
An example of learning standards are state-developed learning standards as described below or the Common Core State Standards (CCSS) developed by the NGA and the Council of Chief State School Officers (CCSSO). State learning standards are developed by state boards of education and enforced by state education agencies across the US. [3]