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C uses the term "identifier" where this article uses "name" (the latter of which is what C++ uses to formalize linkage): An identifier declared in different scopes or in the same scope more than once can be made to refer to the same object or function by a process called linkage. [1] The following is a common example of linkage:
A static library or statically linked library contains functions and data that can be included in a consuming computer program at build-time such that the library does not need to be accessible in a separate file at run-time. [1] If all libraries are statically linked, then the resulting executable will be stand-alone, a.k.a. a static build.
In a statically built program, no dynamic linking occurs: all the bindings have been done at compile time.. Static builds have a very predictable behavior (because they do not rely on the particular version of libraries available on the final system), and are commonly found in forensic and security tools to avoid possible contamination or malfunction due to broken libraries on the examined ...
Using weak symbols in static libraries has other semantics than in shared ones, i.e. with a static library the symbol lookup stops at the first symbol – even if it is just weak and an object file with a strong symbol is also included in the library archive. On Linux, the linker option --whole-archive changes that behavior. [10]
Translation units define a scope, roughly file scope, and functioning similarly to module scope; in C terminology this is referred to as internal linkage, which is one of the two forms of linkage in C. Names (functions and variables) declared outside of a function block may be visible either only within a given translation unit, in which case they are said to have internal linkage – they are ...
In computing, position-independent code [1] (PIC [1]) or position-independent executable (PIE) [2] is a body of machine code that executes properly regardless of its memory address. [ a ] PIC is commonly used for shared libraries , so that the same library code can be loaded at a location in each program's address space where it does not ...
C++ enforces stricter typing rules (no implicit violations of the static type system [1]), and initialization requirements (compile-time enforcement that in-scope variables do not have initialization subverted) [7] than C, and so some valid C code is invalid in C++. A rationale for these is provided in Annex C.1 of the ISO C++ standard.
static is a reserved word in many programming languages to modify a declaration. The effect of the keyword varies depending on the details of the specific programming language, most commonly used to modify the lifetime (as a static variable) and visibility (depending on linkage), or to specify a class member instead of an instance member in classes.