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Mesoscopic physics is a subdiscipline of condensed matter physics that deals with materials of an intermediate size. These materials range in size between the nanoscale for a quantity of atoms (such as a molecule) and of materials measuring micrometres. [1] The lower limit can also be defined as being the size of individual atoms.
A nanostructure is a structure of intermediate size between microscopic and molecular structures.Nanostructural detail is microstructure at nanoscale.. In describing nanostructures, it is necessary to differentiate between the number of dimensions in the volume of an object which are on the nanoscale.
A nanowire is a nanostructure in the form of a wire with the diameter of the order of a nanometre (10 −9 m). More generally, nanowires can be defined as structures that have a thickness or diameter constrained to tens of nanometers or less and an unconstrained length.
At the nanoscale, materials and devices exhibit unique properties that can significantly influence their behavior. In fields like electronics, medicine, and biotechnology, where advancements come from manipulating matter at the atomic and molecular levels, nanoscale measurements become essential.
The nanoscale transistors and nanoscale mechanical components (on a separate die) are integrated on the same chip package. [ 1 ] Nanoelectromechanical systems ( NEMS ) are a class of devices integrating electrical and mechanical functionality on the nanoscale .
Phaedon Avouris - first electronic devices made out of carbon nanotubes; Gerd Binnig - co-inventor of the scanning tunneling microscope; Heinrich Rohrer - co-inventor of the scanning tunneling microscope; Vicki Colvin Director for the Center for Biological and Environmental Nanotechnology, Rice University
Nanophotonics or nano-optics is the study of the behavior of light on the nanometer scale, and of the interaction of nanometer-scale objects with light. It is a branch of optics, optical engineering, electrical engineering, and nanotechnology.
This can pose a significant problem when designing new nanomotors. Current nanomotor research seeks to overcome these problems, and by doing so, can improve current microfluidic devices or give rise to new technologies. [citation needed] Significant research has been done to overcome microfluidic dynamics at low Reynolds numbers.