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In aviation, the turn and slip indicator (T/S, a.k.a. turn indicator and turn and bank indicator) and the turn coordinator (TC) variant are essentially two aircraft flight instruments in one device. One indicates the rate of turn, or the rate of change in the aircraft's heading; the other part indicates whether the aircraft is in coordinated ...
This formula also shows that the radius of turn decreases with the angle of bank. With a higher angle of bank the radius of turn is smaller, and with a lower angle of bank the radius is greater. In a banked turn at constant altitude, the load factor is equal to 1 cos θ {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{\cos \theta }}} .
Flight path angle γ: is the angle between horizontal and the velocity vector, which describes whether the aircraft is climbing or descending. Bank angle μ: represents a rotation of the lift force around the velocity vector, which may indicate whether the airplane is turning .
Basically, as lab frame or reference frame, there are two kinds of conventions for the frames: East, North, Up (ENU), used in geography; North, East, Down (NED), used specially in aerospace; This frame referenced w.r.t. Global Reference frames like Earth Center Earth Fixed (ECEF) non-inertial system.
Another commonly encountered simplification is a lifting entry with a shallow, slowly-varying, flight path angle. [4] The velocity as a function of altitude can be derived from two assumptions: The flight path angle is shallow, meaning that: cos γ ≈ 1 , sin γ ≈ γ {\displaystyle \cos \gamma \approx 1,\sin \gamma \approx \gamma } .
The equilibrium roll angle is known as wings level or zero bank angle, equivalent to a level heeling angle on a ship. Yaw is known as "heading". A fixed-wing aircraft increases or decreases the lift generated by the wings when it pitches nose up or down by increasing or decreasing the angle of attack (AOA). The roll angle is also known as bank ...
The total load factor required to maintain level flight is directly related to the bank angle. This means that for a given airspeed, level flight can only be maintained up to a certain given angle of bank. Beyond this angle of bank, the aircraft will suffer an accelerated stall if the pilot attempts to generate enough lift to maintain level flight.
An adjustment knob, to account for the pilot's line of vision, moves the aircraft up and down to align it against the horizon bar. The top half of the instrument is blue to represent the sky, while the bottom half is brown to represent the ground. The bank index at the top shows the aircraft angle of bank.