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Rules of inference are syntactical transform rules which one can use to infer a conclusion from a premise to create an argument. A set of rules can be used to infer any valid conclusion if it is complete, while never inferring an invalid conclusion, if it is sound.
Disjunction introduction or addition (also called or introduction) [1] [2] [3] is a rule of inference of propositional logic and almost every other deduction system. The rule makes it possible to introduce disjunctions to logical proofs. It is the inference that if P is true, then P or Q must be true. An example in English: Socrates is a man.
Theorems are those logical formulas where is the conclusion of a valid proof, [4] while the equivalent semantic consequence indicates a tautology. The tautology rule may be expressed as a sequent :
The introduction rules of natural deduction are viewed as right rules in the sequent calculus, and are structurally very similar. The elimination rules on the other hand turn into left rules in the sequent calculus. To give an example, consider disjunction; the right rules are familiar:
In propositional logic, material implication [1] [2] is a valid rule of replacement that allows a conditional statement to be replaced by a disjunction in which the antecedent is negated. The rule states that P implies Q is logically equivalent to not-or and that either form can replace the other in logical proofs.
The name "disjunctive syllogism" derives from its being a syllogism, a three-step argument, and the use of a logical disjunction (any "or" statement.) For example, "P or Q" is a disjunction, where P and Q are called the statement's disjuncts. The rule makes it possible to eliminate a disjunction from a logical proof. It is the rule that
In propositional logic and Boolean algebra, there is a duality between conjunction and disjunction, [1] [2] [3] also called the duality principle. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] [ 6 ] It is the most widely known example of duality in logic. [ 1 ]
A binary operation ∗ on the set S is associative when this diagram commutes.That is, when the two paths from S×S×S to S compose to the same function from S×S×S to S. ...
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