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Onna-musha (女武者) is a term referring to female warriors in pre-modern Japan, [1] [2] who were members of the bushi class. They were trained in the use of weapons to protect their household, family, and honour in times of war; [ 3 ] [ 4 ] many of them fought in battle alongside samurai men.
The term Shield-maiden is a calque of the Old Norse: skjaldmær.Since Old Norse has no word that directly translates to warrior, but rather drengr, rekkr and seggr can all refer to male warrior and bragnar can mean warriors, it is problematic to say that the term meant female warrior to Old Norse speakers.
The female warrior samurai Hangaku Gozen in a woodblock print by Yoshitoshi (c. 1885). The peasant Joan of Arc (Jeanne d'Arc) led the French army to important victories in the Hundred Years' War. The only direct portrait of Joan of Arc has not survived; this artist's interpretation was painted between AD 1450 and 1500.
Viking Age jewellery thought to depict valkyries. On the left of the photograph is a female figure mounted on horseback with a 'winged' cavalry spear clamped under her leg and a sword in her hand. The mounted female is being greeted by another female figure who is carrying a shield.
The Amazons: Lives and Legends of Warrior Women across the Ancient World (Princeton University Press, 2014) online review; Toler, Pamela D. Women warriors: An unexpected history (Beacon Press, 2019). Wilde, Lyn Webster. On the trail of the women warriors: The Amazons in myth and history (Macmillan, 2000).
Bellona (IPA: [bɛlˈloːna]) was an ancient Roman goddess of war. Her main attribute is the military helmet worn on her head; she often holds a sword, spear, or shield, and brandishes a torch or whip as she rides into battle in a four-horse chariot.
Though not as heavily researched, the female bogatyr or polianitsa (поляница) is a female warrior akin to the Amazons. Many of the more well-known polianitsas are wives to the famous male bogatyrs, such as Nastas'ya Nikulichna, [ 14 ] the wife of Dobrynya Nikitich.
Khawla bint al-Azwar (Arabic: خولة بنت الازور; died 639), was an Arab Muslim warrior in the service of the Rashidun Caliphate. She played a major role in the Muslim conquest of the Levant, and fought alongside her brother Dhiraar. She has been described as one of the greatest female soldiers in history.