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Cyanotoxins are toxins produced by cyanobacteria (also known as blue-green algae). Cyanobacteria are found almost everywhere, but particularly in lakes and in the ocean where, under high concentration of phosphorus conditions, they reproduce exponentially to form blooms .
Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) bloom on Lake Erie (United States) in 2009. These kinds of algae can cause harmful algal bloom. A harmful algal bloom (HAB), or excessive algae growth, sometimes called a red tide in marine environments, is an algal bloom that causes negative impacts to other organisms by production of natural algae-produced toxins, water deoxygenation, mechanical damage to ...
One million people-days of drinking water were lost, and the direct costs incurred totalled more than A$1.3 million. Moreover, 2000 site-days of recreation were also lost, and the economic cost was estimated at A$10 million, after taking into account indirectly affected industries such as tourism , accommodation and transport .
A ten day Health Advisory was calculated for different ages which is considered protective of non-carcinogenic adverse health effects over a ten-day exposure to microcystins in drinking water: 0.3 μg/L for bottle-fed infants and young children of pre-school age and 1.6 μg/L for children of school age through adults. [50]: 28–29
Toxic encephalopathy is a neurologic disorder caused by exposure to neurotoxic organic solvents such as toluene, following exposure to heavy metals such as manganese, as a side effect of melarsoprol treatment for African trypanosomiasis, adverse effects to prescription drugs, or exposure to extreme concentrations of any natural toxin such as cyanotoxins found in shellfish or freshwater ...
That said, Vanessa Rissetto, R.D., co-founder of the virtual nutrition care service Culina Health, believes the FDA's move is a positive step forward."Early-stage cancers are on the rise across ...
Anatoxin-a is an agonist of both neuronal α 4 β 2 and α 4 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors present in the CNS as well as the (α 1) 2 βγδ muscle-type nAchRs that are present at the neuromuscular junction. [1] (Anatoxin-a has an affinity for these muscle-type receptors that is about 20 times greater than that of acetylcholine. [2])
Each year, about 2.1 million children younger than five get diagnosed with RSV, according to the Centers For Disease Control, with an additional 58,000 to 80,000 kids having to be hospitalized ...