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Energy conversion efficiency (η) is the ratio between the useful output of an energy conversion machine and the input, in energy terms. The input, as well as the useful output may be chemical , electric power , mechanical work , light (radiation), or heat .
It is an experience-curve law, a type of law quantifying efficiency gains from experience in production. The observation is named after Gordon Moore , the co-founder of Fairchild Semiconductor and Intel and former CEO of the latter, who in 1965 noted that the number of components per integrated circuit had been doubling every year , [ a ] and ...
Energy efficiency may refer to: Energy efficiency (physics), the ratio between the useful output and input of an energy conversion process Electrical efficiency, useful power output per electrical power consumed; Mechanical efficiency, a ratio of the measured performance to the performance of an ideal machine
In physics, mass–energy equivalence is the relationship between mass and energy in a system's rest frame, where the two quantities differ only by a multiplicative constant and the units of measurement. [1] [2] The principle is described by the physicist Albert Einstein's formula: =. [3]
A realistic indication of energy efficiency over an entire year can be achieved by using seasonal COP or seasonal coefficient of performance (SCOP) for heat. Seasonal energy efficiency ratio (SEER) is mostly used for air conditioning. SCOP is a new methodology which gives a better indication of expected real-life performance of heat pump ...
For a heat engine, thermal efficiency is the ratio of the net work output to the heat input; in the case of a heat pump, thermal efficiency (known as the coefficient of performance or COP) is the ratio of net heat output (for heating), or the net heat removed (for cooling) to the energy input (external work). The efficiency of a heat engine is ...
Electric kettle: more than 90% [citation needed] (comparatively little heat energy is lost during the 2 to 3 minutes a kettle takes to boil water). A premium efficiency electric motor: more than 90% (see Main Article: Premium efficiency). A large power transformer used in the electrical grid may have efficiency of more than 99%. Early 19th ...
Planck energy (E P) – natural unit of energy common in particle physics (~1.96 × 10 9 J). Barrel of oil equivalent (BOE) – energy unit equal to the energy released when burning one barrel (159 litres) of oil (~6.12 GJ). Tonne of oil equivalent (toe) – energy unit equal to the energy released when burning one tonne of oil (~42 GJ).